Exercises. 1. Answer the questions:

1. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of courts do they have in the US?

2. What is the main difference between the courts?

3. How are Federal courts organized?

4. What kind of cases do Federal courts hear?

5. How many types of state courts do they have? Name them.

6. Where are criminal cases tried?

7. What is stare decisis?

2. Complete the sentences:

1. There are two kinds of courts in this country …

2. The differences between federal and state courts are …

3. State and local courts are established…

4. Federal courts are established…

5. State courts deal with such cases as…

6. Federal courts are organized…

7. At the bottom of the pyramid there are the US district courts…

8. In civil and criminal matters courts operate under the principle known as…

9. To appeal means…

3. Fill in the missing prepositions:

by, in, by, between, to, in, of, at. under, for

1. State and local courts are established … a state.

2. The differences …federal and state courts are defined mainly …jurisdiction.

3. Federal courts are established … the U.S. Constitution.

4. Federal court jurisdiction is limited … the types … cases listed …the Constitution.

5. Federal courts are organized … three tiers.

6. …the bottom of the pyramid there are the US district courts.

7. …the top there is the US Supreme Court.

8. …civil and criminal matters, courts operate …the principle known as stare decisis.

9. Latin … stare decisis is ‘let the decision stand."

4. Find the English equivalents for the following expressions:

1. cуд уполномочен слушать

2. учреждать \ основывать

3. разница между

4. широкая сфера полномочий \ судебной практики

5. ограбления

6. дела об авторском праве

7. дела, касающиеся патентов

8. семейные споры

9. нарушения контрактов

10. транспортные нарушения

11. нарушения Конституции США

12. перечисленные в Конституции

13. уполномочен заслушивать

14. три яруса

15. дела по морскому праву

16. дела о банкротстве

17. окружные суды

18. последняя инстанция для апелляций

19. основание для этого

20. юр., лат. "стоять на решённом" = обязывающая сила прецедентов

21. суд 1-ой инстанции

22. cуд последней инстанции

23. полагаться на прецедент

24. установленный предыдущими судебными решениями