Sectorial composition of the Russian economy. Sectors of industry in which Russia is among leaders

The country economy represents set of branches of material and non-material spheres of manufacture.

Basis of economy of Russia is production of goods. It includes:

•the branches directly creating material benefits — the industry, agriculture, building;

•the branches delivering created material assets to consumers — transport and communication on service of production of goods;

•the branches connected with continuation of process of manufacture in sphere of the reference — trade, logistics, preparations, public catering.

Non-productive sphere form:

• branches of services — a municipal services, population consumer services, transport etc.;

• branches of social service — education, public health services, culture, art, a science, scientific service:

• management and defense branches. Branch structure of an economy estimate in the various ways: for example on number occupied in each sphere, on production volume (in roubles) or at cost of the basic production assets.

In Russia, as well as in other developed countries, last decades the branch structure of economy has undergone essential changes. There was an increase in a share of the population occupied in non-productive sphere, at the expense of decrease in a share of workers of production of goods. It is connected with increase of a role of social factors. But the leading part in economy of Russia is still production sector.

This sector accounts more than 1/2 national incomes of the country.

Feature of structure of economy of Russia are also very high share of extractive industry (in it 23 % of all workers are occupied), industrial production and the powerful defensive industry. Russia's defense industry employs 2.5 – 3 million people, accounting for 20% of all manufacturing jobs. Russia is the world's second largest conventional arms exporter after the United States

The mineral-packed Ural Mountains and the vast oil, gas, coal, and timber reserves of Siberia and the Russian Far East make Russia rich in natural resources. However, most such resources are located in remote and climatically unfavorable areas that are difficult to develop and far from Russian ports.

The petroleum industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world. Russia has the largest reserves, and is the largest exporter, of natural gas. It has the second largest coal reserves, the eighth largest oil reserves, and is the largest exporter of oil.

Natural resources, especially oil and gas, dominate Russian exports. Oil and gas exports continue to be the main source of hard currency. Russia is also a leading producer and exporter of minerals and gold. Ninety percent of Russian exports to the United States are minerals or other raw materials.