IN WORD-BUILDING

(Словообразование при помощи чередования ударения)

Некоторые существительные и прилагательные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. Как правило, в существительных и прилагательных ударение падает на первый слог (даже если это приставки), а в соответствующих глаголах – на второй.

' record (запись) – to re'cord (записывать)

' perfect (совершенный) – to per'fect (совершенствовать)

7.1 Read the words. Pay attention to the stress in nouns and adjectives.

`atom – a`tomic, `organ – or`ganic, `metal – me`tallic, `period – peri`odic, e`conomy – eco`nomic, `science – scien`tific, `element – ele`mentary, `industry – in`dustrial, a`cademy – aca`demic, `strategy – stra`tegic, ge`ography – geo`graphic, meteo`rology – meteoro`logical, ge`ology – geo`logical

7.2 Read the words. Pay attention to the stress in verbs and nouns.

`educate – edu`cation, `graduate – gradu`ation, `demonstrate – demon`stration, `illustrate – illust`ration, `indicate – indi`cation, `concentrate – concen`tration, com`municate – communi`cation, in`vestigate – investi`gation

7.3 Read highlight the stressed syllable in each of the words in bold. Translate the sentences.

1 Dom Perignon perfected the art of blending wines from many different vineyards. The best way to perfect your Spanish is to live in a country where it’s spoken. This dress will be perfect for the summer. The meal was absolutely perfect.

2 Rivers transport much mud. There is much transport in large cities. The company transports meat across the country in refrigerated containers. Critics have pointed to the lack of transport links to the new attraction.

3 Who is going to present the prizes this year? The delegation present at our conference has come from Canada. They present an interesting example of word–building. I have a nice present for you. We can’t afford to spend much on Christmas presents this year. He’s very busy at present. He presented me with his new book. The watch was a present from my mother.

4 The records of births, marriages, and deaths were all destroyed in the fire. According to your medical records, you had an operation five years ago. I wish I could record a hit record! This record is of great importance nowadays. We have a lot of records. Record, please this program for me.

5 Japan exports many goods all over the world. We have many export goods to buy. Export of this country is about 50 per cent annually. We met a trader who exports goods to China. The export of gold has been forbidden. Raw cotton is one of the chief exports of the United States.

6 Russia exports mainly raw materials but imports much electronics and goods. Import goods are taxed in all the countries. The import of raw materials is extremely important for some countries as they haven’t their own ones. America imports raw silk from Japan. What does this news import? Imports exceeded exports in value last year. What is the import of his remarks?

7 The students’ progress is usually determined by oral and written tests and examinations. His illness progresses very quickly. Human progress has reached the stage of intensive exploration of nuclear and solar energy. They progress not so successfully as we’d like to.

8 There has been an increase in the price of petrol. The cost of living has greatly increased since 1917. The Clean Air Act would increase the cost of electric power in the Midwest. There will be no increase in student enrolments this year. Improved airline service led to an 18,7% increase in tourists to Africa last year.

9 All this upset over the wedding has really upset them. The children were very upset when we told them that we wouldn’t be going to Disneyland.

10 He saw the imprint of suffering on her face. He imprinted a postmark on a letter. Those ideas imprinted on his mind.