Unit 2. Some More Facts about Psychology

The General Assembly,

Reaffirming the paramount importance of the Charter of the United Nations in the promotion of the rule of law among nations,

Recalling the obligations of all States under Article 2 of the Charter to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, and to settle their international disputes by peaceful means,

Recalling a lso its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, in which it approved the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirming the principles contained therein that the territory of a State shall not be the object of acquisition by another State resulting from the threat or use of force, and that any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of a State or country or of its political independence is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter,

Recalling further theFinal Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, signed in Helsinki on 1 August 1975, the Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with Ukraine’s Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, of 5 December 1994 (Budapest Memorandum), the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation of 31 May 1997, and the Alma-Ata Declaration of 21 December 1991,

Stressing the importance of maintaining the inclusive political dialogue in Ukraine that reflects the diversity of its society and includes representation from all parts of Ukraine,

Welcoming the continued efforts by the Secretary-General and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and other international and regional organizations to support de-escalation of the situation with respect to Ukraine,

Noting that the referendum held in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on 16 March 2014 was not authorized by Ukraine,

1. Affirms its commitment to the sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders;

2. Calls upon all States to desist and refrain from actions aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including any attempts to modify Ukraine’s borders through the threat or use of force or other unlawful means;

3. Urges all parties to pursue immediately the peaceful resolution of the situation with respect to Ukraine through direct political dialogue, to exercise restraint, to refrain from unilateral actions and inflammatory rhetoric that may increase tensions, and to engage fully with international mediation efforts;

4. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and other international and regional organizations to assist Ukraine in protecting the rights of all persons in Ukraine, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities;

5. Underscores that the referendum held in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on 16 March 2014, having no validity, cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or of the city of Sevastopol;

6. Calls upon all States, international organizations and specialized agencies not to recognize any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on the basis of the above-mentioned referendum and to refrain from any action or dealing that might be interpreted as recognizing any such altered status.

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Unit 2. Some More Facts about Psychology

Study the following list of vocabulary and repeat the words after your teacher:

Vocabulary:

misperception [mispə'sepʃ(ə)n] – неверное восприятие

perception [pə'sepʃ(ə)n] – восприятие, ощущение процесс; получения сенсорных ощущений от чего-л.

media ['miːdɪə] – средства массовой информации

as well as – так же как, а также; заодно и

diverse [daɪ'vɜːs] – иной, отличный от чего-л., различный; несходный

path [pɑːθ] – тропинка; тропа; дорожка

degree [dɪ'griː] – степень, уровень

contribute [kən'trɪbjuːt], ['kɔntrɪbjuːt] v. – делать пожертвования, взносы

confusion [kən'fjuːʒ(ə)n] – смущение, смятение, замешательство

applied and academic field – прикладная и научная сфера

human mind and behavior ['hjuːmən maind ənd bɪ'heɪvjər] – человеческий ум и поведение

research [rɪ'sɜːʧ] – (научное) исследование; изучение; изыскание; исследовательская работа

seek [siːk] (sought, sought [sɔːt]) v. – искать, разыскивать; пытаться найтиthought

enhancement [ɪn'hɑːn(t)smənt] – повышение, прирост, увеличение; улучшение, оздоровление (окружающей среды)

evolve [ɪ'vɔlv] v. – развивать, выводить; выявлять, обнаруживать; прослеживать, устанавливать; эволюционировать

thinker ['θɪŋkə] – мудрец; мыслитель; философ

derive [dɪ'raɪv] v. – получать, извлекать; происходить

utilize ['juːtɪlaɪz] v. – утилизировать, использовать, расходовать, употреблять

involve [ɪn'vɔlv] v. – привлекать, вовлекать, втягивать

compose [kəm'pəuz] v. – сочинять, писать (музыкальное или литературное произведение)

perspective [pə'spektɪv] – перспектива, ракурс, проекция

rely [rɪ'laɪ] v. – (rely (up)on) полагаться, надеяться; доверять; быть уверенным (в чём-л.)

sensation [sen'seɪʃ(ə)n] – ощущение, чувство; восприятие

introspection [ˌɪntrə(u)'spekʃ(ə)n] – самоанализ, самонаблюдение, рефлексия

subjective [səb'ʤektɪv] – субъективный (существующий в сознании, зависящий от него)

accurately ['ækjərətlɪ] точно; безошибочно; аккуратно

identify [aɪ'dentɪfaɪ] v. – устанавливать тождество; отождествлять (что-л.) с (чем-л.)

accompanied [ə'kʌmpənɪd] – сопровождаемый

explain [ɪk'spleɪn ], [ek'spleɪn] v. – объяснять; раскрывать, разъяснять; изъяснять, толковать (значение)

dominance ['dɔmɪnən(t)s] – господство; влияние; преобладание

perceive [pə'siːv] v. – воспринимать, понимать, осознавать; постигать

structuralism ['strʌkʧ(ə)r(ə)lɪz(ə)m] – структурализм

psychoanalysis [ˌsaɪkəuə'næləsɪs] – психоанализ

humanism ['hjuːmənɪz(ə)m] – гуманизм

cognitivism ['kɔgnətɪvɪz(ə)m] – когнитивизм

cognitive ['kɔgnətɪv] – когнитивный, познавательный

predict [prɪ'dɪkt] v. – предсказывать, пророчить; прогнозировать

hypothesis (pl. hypotheses) [haɪ'pɔθəsɪs] – гипотеза, догадка, предположение

empirically [em'pɪrɪk(ə)lɪ] – эмпирически, опытным путём, на основе опыта; шарлатански

sub-topic [sʌb 'tɔpɪk] – под-тема

conduct ['kɔndʌkt] – руководство, управление

conduct ['kɔndʌkt] v. – вести, руководить; проводить; сопровождать, сопутствовать, быть чьим-л. проводником

expand [ɪk'spænd], [ek'spænd] v. – растягиваться, расширяться; увеличиваться в объёме, в размерах, в количестве

therapist ['θerəpɪst] – врач узкой специальности (обычно нехирург); физиотерапевт

disorder [dɪ'sɔːdə] – беспорядок, непорядок, нездоровье

emerge [ɪ'mɜːʤ] v. – появляться; всплывать; выходить; вставать, возникать (о вопросе)

abnormal [æb'nɔːm(ə)l] – ненормальный, неправильный; аномальный; отклоняющийся от нормы; необычный

specialty ['speʃ(ə)ltɪ] – занятие, профессия, специальность, сфера деятельности; специализация; отличительная черта, особенность, своеобразие

diagnostic [ˌdaɪəg'nɔstɪk] – диагностический; определяющий, отличительный; симптоматический

tool [tuːl] – (рабочий) инструмент; орудие труда

abnormality [ˌæbnɔː'mælɪtɪ] – ненормальность, неправильность, отклонение; аномалия

functionalism – the theory that the design of an object should be determined by its function rather than by aesthetic considerations, and that anything practically designed will be inherently beautiful

behaviorism [bi'hāvyəˌrizəm] – be·hav·ior·ism (behaviourism) Psychology the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns such study and treatment in practice

neuroscience – any or all of the sciences, such as neurochemistry and experimental psychology, which deal with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain

Exercise 1. look through the list of vocabulary and find in it the words with the following meanings:

1. the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; 2. the uncertainty about what is happening, intended, or required; 3. a device or instrument, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function; 4. a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions; 5. a particular type of work which is done perfectly 6. a problem or illness which affects someone's mind or body; 7. an idea which is suggested as a possible explanation for a particular situation; 8. a person with highly developed intellectual powers; 9. increasing or improvement; 10. the amount or level

Exercise 2. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:

Question: What Is Psychology?

One of the most 1 … questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is "What is 2 …?" Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have 3 … this confusion.

Psychology is both an applied and 4 … field that studies the human 5 … and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to 6 … and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health 7 …, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics, and many other areas affecting health and 8 … life.

Words:

1. – mind
2. – academic
3. – treatment
4. – common
5. – understand
6. – psychology
7. – daily
8. – contributed

Exercise 3. Copy the following text “Early Psychology” into your notebooks separating words and sentences and then read and translate it:

Answer:

Earlypsychology psychologyevolvedoutofbothphilosophyandbiologysuchdiscussionsofthetwosubjectsdateasfarbackastheearlygreekthinkerssuchasaristotleandsocratesthewordpsychologyisderivedfromthegreekwordpsychemeaningsoulormind.

Aristotle ['arɪstɒt(ə)l] – (384-322 bc), Greek philosopher and scientist

Socrates ['sɒkrətiːz] (469-399 bc), Greek philosopher

Exercise 4. Read the following texts and match them with the titles given below: