How does the integumentary system work with other systems?

Your body is a complicated system that consists of many subsystems that help to keep it functioning properly. These subsystems serve a variety of purposes and require needed materials to function properly, as well as means of communicating information to other parts of the body. Thus, the skin and other parts of the integumentary system work with other systems in your body to maintain and support the conditions that your cells, tissues, and organs need to function properly.

The skin is one of the first defense mechanisms in your immune system. Tiny glands in the skin secrete oils that enhance the barrier function of the skin. Immune cells live in the skin and provide the first line of defense against infections.

By helping to synthesize and absorb vitamin D, the integumentary system works with the digestive system to encourage the uptake of calcium from our diet. This substance enters the bloodstream though the capillary networks in the skin. Healthy functioning of your skin also is related to the digestive system because the digestion and assimilation of dietary fats and oils are essential for the body to be able to make the protective oils for the skin and hair.

The integumentary system also works closely with the circulatory system and the surface capillaries through your body. Because certain substances can enter the bloodstream through the capillary networks in the skin, patches can be used to deliver medications in this manner for conditions ranging from heart problems (nitroglycerin) to smoking cessation (nicotine patches).

The skin also is important in helping to regulate your body temperature. If you are too hot or too cold, your brain sends nerve impulses to the skin, which has three ways to either increase or decrease heat loss from the body's surface: hairs on the skin trap more warmth if they are standing up, and less if they are lying flat; glands under the skin secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin in order to increase heat loss by evaporation if the body is too hot; capillaries near the surface can open when your body needs to cool off and close when you need to conserve heat.

Your skin plays a vital role in your body as regards the sense of touch. The nervous system depends on neurons embedded in your skin to sense the outside world. It processes input from your senses, including touch, and initiates actions based on those inputs. For example, when you stub your toe, nerve cells in the foot send signals up the leg, through the spinal cord, and up into the brain. The nerve cell connections in the brain sense these signals as pain.

As well as interacting with the body systems as explained above, the integumentary system also contributes to numerous physiological processes, especially those involved in the regulation of the body’s internal environment so as to maintain a stable condition. An example is provided by the way that the skin helps in temperature regulation by changes in the pattern of blood supply to the skin and by sweating, as mentioned above.

3.3. Рекомендована література:

Основна: Козырева Л. Г. «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ: учебное пособие / Л. Г Козырева, Т. В. Шад­ская. — Изд. 7-е. — Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007.

Допоміжна: С.А.Тылкина «Пособие по английскому языку» М:1985 ст.57

3.4. Орієтновна карта для самостійної роботи з літературою з даної теми:

№п/п	Основні завдання	Вказівки	Відповіді
	- засвоїти лексику; перекласти текст «Health is above wealth. -»; - дати відповіді на запитання; - виконати завдання.	Ст. 112 Ст. 114 Ст.117 Ст.118

3.5. Матеріали для самоконтролю: Питання:

1. Questions:

1. A group of tissues that performs a specific function is a(n)
organ system.
organism.
tissue.
organ.

2. The outermost layer of the skin is the
hypodermis.
subcutaneous layer.
epidermis.
dermis.

3. All of the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT
protection
vitamin B synthesis
temperature regulation
sensation

4. The protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissue is
melanin.
melatonin.
keratin.
actin.

5. The cells producing the pigment responsible for skin color are the
keratinocytes.
melanocytes.
adipocytes.
Merkel cells.

6. All of the following are accessory organs of the skin EXCEPT
hair
nails
pain receptors
sweat glands

7. The bundle of smooth muscles associated with hair follicles is called
orbicularis muscle.
sebaceous bundle.
arrector pili.
none of the above.

8. Perspiration is the substance produced by
ceruminous glands.
sudoriferous glands.
sebaceous glands.
holocrine glands.

9. A burn that involves the entire epidermis and some of the dermis is a
first-degree burn.
second-degree burn.
third-degree burn.
fourth-degree burn.

10. The most common form of skin cancer is
basal cell carcinoma.
squamous cell carcinoma.
granular cell carcinoma.
malignant melanoma.

3.6. Вправи. Завдання.

Виготовити наочність з теми.

VI. Література:

Основна: Козырева Л. Г. «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ: учебное пособие / Л. Г Козырева, Т. В. Шад­ская. — Изд. 7-е. — Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007.

Допоміжна: С.А.Тылкина «Пособие по английскому языку» М:1985 ст.57