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LIST OF WORDS
artificial (legal) person = legal entity | undertaking |
legal identity | vertical/hostile takeover |
limited liability | consolidation |
limited by shares | cartel |
limited by guarantee | oligopoly |
debenture | monopoly |
registrar | the acquiring company |
ultra vires | the target (acquired) company |
trust/antitrust | minority shareholders |
to lose the right to remedy | the controlling interest/shares |
to abuse | competition law |
to lodge | the Sherman Act |
to entail | barriers to entry |
to redeem | predatory pricing |
to encroach on | tie-in arrangements |
to insulate against | price-fixing |
to preclude | promoter |
to perpetrate | proxy |
to conform to | official receiver |
to dissolve = wind up | liquidator |
to entrust responsibility | unauthorized activity |
memorandum of association | fiduciary duty |
articles of association | duty of care |
deterrent | collateral purpose |
insolvency | implication |
amendment | insider trading |
a takeover bid |
Ex. 1. Complete the vocabulary table below, using your dictionary if necessary.
Verb | Abstract Noun | Personal Noun | Adjective |
sanction | — | — | — |
— | — | monopolist | — |
— | abuse | — | — |
condemn | — | — | — |
— | discrimination | — | — |
— | — | administrator | — |
— | — | — | offensive |
— | liquidation | — | — |
punish | — | — | — |
— | — | issuer | — |
collude | — | — | — |
— | — | — | restrictive |
perpetrate | — | — | — |
— | authorization | — | — |
— | — | transmitter | — |
— | — | — | regulatory |
omit | — | — | — |
— | — | — | provisional |
— | requirement | — | — |
assume | — | — | — |
— | — | — | alterative |
appoint | — | — | — |
— | redemption | — | — |
— | — | auditor | — |
notify | — | — | — |
— | consolidation | — | — |
concur | — | — | — |
Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
limited by shares, deterrent, conform, unauthorized activity, limited by guarantee, debenture, registrar, takeover bid, vertical merger, dividend, dissolve, implication, memorandum of association, hostile takeover |
1. The liability of the members on a winding-up is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares.
2. The liability of the members is limited by the company memorandum to a certain amount, which the members undertake to contribute on winding up.
3. A public invitation to shareholders of the target company to sell their stock.
4. Acknowledgement of indebtedness, especially a long-term loan taken by a company and repayable at a fixed date.
5. Something that has been made or is being done without official permission.
6. To behave in the way that you are expected to behave or in the way that everyone else behaves.
7. A person whose job is to keep official records.
8. An amount of money that represents part of a company's profit, which it pays to people who have shares.
9. A form of acquisition which is opposed by the target company’s management.
10. A written statement that you prepare specially for a person or a committee in order to give them information about a particular matter.
11. To end something officially.
12. Something that is suggested by a particular situation, event, or statement.
13. Something that prevents you from doing something by making you afraid of what will happen to you if you do it.
14. The joining of undertakings at different levels in the economic supply chain.
Ex. 3. To show that you understand the words in Ex. 2, choose the best word to complete the following sentences.
1. She made several ______ visits to the laboratory.
2. Such a change would not ______ to the present wishes of the great majority of people.
3. Most ______ are also secured on the borrower's assets.
4. The welfare state was regarded as a kind of ______ from economic growth.
5. They prepared a 45-page ______ for the Select Committee.
6. I don’t think that this type of punishment must be regarded as a ______.
7. The Government on Friday approved a Bill to outlaw and ______ all secret societies.
8. Many MPs are saying his policies have failed and, by ______, so has she.
9. Acquisition of shares can be achieved through a ______, in other words by “tender offer”.
Ex. 4. Decide
a) which of these verbs collocate with the noun a merger:
allocate, approve, evaluate, impose, investigate, lodge, reject
b) which of the following words and phrases can go with the verb to file:
an action, an AGM, an appeal, an amendment, a breach, a brief, charges, a claim, a complaint, a debt, a defence, a dispute, a document, a fee, an injunction, a motion, provisions, a suit
Give their Russian variants and use them in the sentences of your own.
Ex. 5. Complete the sentences below using the prepositions in the box.
against by in (2) of for on (2) to |
The Competition Authority filed a fine petition 1) ___ 1 February 2005 accusing FabNet Corporation 2) ___ having abused its dominant position 3) ___ the telecommunications market 4) ___ applying business conditions that discriminated 5) ___ other companies 6) ___ order to limit their access 7) ___ the market. The Competition Authority also imposed fines 8) ___ the telecommunications companies Chicha Corporationa and LinTel Corporation 9) ___ concluding a vertical agreement restricting competition.
Ex. 6. Which word in each group is the odd one out? You may need to consult a dictionary to distinguish the differences in meaning.
1. stipulate — specify — proscribe — prescribe
2. succeeding — elapsing — ensuing — subsequent
3. responsibility — duty — discretion — obligation
4. prior — previous — prerequisite — preceding
5. margin — leeway — latitude — interpretation
6. preclude — permit — forestall — prevent
7. pause — suspend — cancel — adjourn
8. according to — related to — pursuant to — in conformity with
9. exempt — liable — freed — released
10. convoke — call — contend — convene
11. continue — resume — pick up — add on
12. undertaking — enterprise — cartel — firm
13. dimension — threshold — level — limit
14. practices — offences — activities — behaviour
15. secret agreement — oligopoly — collusion — conspiracy
16. to misuse — to breach — to abuse — to use improperly
17. infringe — dismiss — violate — encroach on
18. holder — proprietor — issuer — owner
Ex. 7. The following text introduces the area of company law. Complete the text by using the words in the box below.
agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividends, employees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue |
A company is a 1) ______ entity, allowed by 2) ______, which permits a group of people, as 3) ______, to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set 4) ______. It is empowered with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individuals, such as the right to 5) ______ and be sued, own 6) ______, hire 7) ______ or loan and 8) ______ money. The primary advantage of a company structure is that it provides the shareholders with a right to participate in the 9) ______, a proportionate distribution of profits made in the form of a money payment to shareholders, without any personal 10) ______.
There are various forms of legal business entities ranging from the 11) ______, who alone bears the risk an responsibility of running a business, taking the profits, but as such not forming any association in company with 12) ______ liability and to multinational 13) ______.
In a 14) ______, members “associate”, forming collectively an association in which they all participate in management and sharing 15) ______, bearing the liability for the firm’s 16) ______ and being sued jointly and severally in relation to the firm’s contracts or tortious acts.
Limited-liability companies, or corporations, unlike partnerships, are formed not simply by 17) ______ entered into between their first members; they must also be 18) ______ at a public office or 19) ______ designated by law or otherwise obtain official acknowledgement of their existence.
Ex. 8. Match the following titles (A) from the regulations for registration to the extracts from the details (B).
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