The Appearance of Plants

Plants can be almost any colour 1._______.They may be 2._____, or so small that you cannot see them with the 3._______ eye. A giant 4._______is just as much a plant as a 5._____tree, 6.______plant, or a bacterium which is too 7.____ to see.

Some plants flourish in 8.______ climates, while others live equally successfully on 9._______ and ice. Some carry out their life processes in total 10________, while others are at their best in 11.________ sunlight.

A whole 12_______known as ecology has grown up to help us understand the relationship between the 13._____ and living things there. 14.______, forestry, and 15._____are the sciences of learning how to make living things do what we want them to do in a given place.

TREES. Give the Ukrainian name of the following trees

1. ash ______________ 2. aspen ____________ 3. birch _____________ 4. chestnut __________ 5. elm ______________ 6. fir _______________ 7. hazel _____________ 8. larch _____________ 9. linden ____________ 10. maple ___________ 11. oak _____________ 12. pine ____________ 13. poplar ___________ 14. walnut __________ 15. willow ___________

TREES. Which of the above trees are deciduous, which coniferous, and which evergreens?

PLANTS. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.

air branching head climb erect ground

liquids reproduction shrubs soft spread

storage tall tissue trunk woody plants

Stems

Stems are parts of plants that may be organs of food 1. _______or of 2.______. They may be useful in moving 3.__________from one part of the plant to another, or they may merely hold certain parts high in the 4.___________.

The 5._______of stems may be 6._______ and weak or hard and woody. The different groups of 7._______are vines, trees, and shrubs.

Vines are rarely 8.______They 9.______wind, or 10. ______over some support. Trees have a single trunk, with a 11.______and are, when mature, normally over three metres 12_______. 13.________, on the other hand, do not have a 14.________.They usually branch close to the 15.________ and are not very tall.

STAGES IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF A PLANT. Put the following stages of the life-cycle of a plant in the correct order.

1.	First,	a.	flowers appear.
2.	Next,	b.	the fruit forms.
3.	Soon,	c.	germination begins.
4.	At this stage,	d.	leaves also start to sprout.
5.	Subsequently,	e.	the plant decomposes.
6.	Meanwhile,	f.	the plant dies.
7.	Later,	g.	pollination takes place.
8.	Then,	h.	roots begin to develop.
9.	During this process,	i.	the seed begins to swell.
10.	Afterwards,	j	the seed is sown.
11.	Eventually,	k.	the seed needs water.
12.	Finally,		the stigma receives pollen.

PLANTS. Choose the right answer.

1. One of the effects of acid rain is that it causes plants to ________.

a) contract b) shrink c) thrive d) wither

2. Owing to the warm weather, there has been _________of strawberries this year.

a) an affluence b) a glut c) an overflow d) a redundancy

3. Our grandpa's sitting over there in the shade in the middle of that ________of trees.

a) bundle b) clump c) scrub d) stack

4. We thought the plants had all died from lack of rain, and were delighted to see new ________ appearing.

a) points b) shapes c) shoots d) tops

5. Oak and beech are ________

a) bushes b) coniferous trees c) deciduous trees d) shrubs

6. Those ______ could be delicious fried in butter for dinner.

a) ferns b) fungi c) mosses d) mushrooms

7. A green carpet of _________covered the decaying tree trunk.

a) herb b) moss c) shrub d) turf

8. When the wind blows, you can hear the leaves ________

a) cracking b) creaking c) rattling d) rustling

9. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has ________many rare species.

a) cancelled b) devastated c) extincted d) wiped out

10. Waste paper can be ________instead of being burnt.

a) decomposed b) incinerated c) recycled d) revamped

11. Don't eat those berries in case they are ____________

a) contagious b) infectious c) poisonous d) venomous

12. Several of the trees in the park were ________.

a) diseased b) ill c) sick d) unhealthy

HERBS. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below

biennials

blades

classified

flavor

fleshy

life-cycle

mature

medicines

perennial

scent

seasons

seed

value

year

Herbs

Herb is a low-growing plant that has a _______ or juicy stem when it is young. The word herb

comes from Latin word herba, meaning "grass" or "_____".Some herbs are used in cooking. Although they have little food _____ they make food tasty and full of ________.Other herbs give ________to perfumes. Others still are used for _________.

Herbs are frequently ______ as annuals,_______, and perennials. An annual goes through its ________from seed to ________in a year. A biennial requires two ________to complete the cycle. A ________ may live many seasons, producing seeds ________ after year once the plant has become _________.

PLANTS. Choose the word that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the capitalized word or phrase.

1. The walnut is a deciduous tree that BEARS valuable nuts.

a) enriches

b) hides

c) replaces

d) yields

2. The orchid is an EXOTIC plant to see blooming in many European gardens

a) a beautiful

b) a colourful

c) a common

d) an unusual

3. The rose may grow as a low bush or as a tree, depending on how it is PRUNED.

a) nourished

b) planted

c) trimmed

d) watered

4. The flowers will WITHER in a few hours.

a) bloom

b) dry up

c) open

d) revive

2. The needle-like leaves of the giant redwood tree are MINISCULE, each scarcely a quarter of an inch long.

a) pretty

b) thorny

c) tiny

d) wiry

3. Leeks are CULTIVATED throughout much of the world.

a) cooked

b) dried

c) grown

d) seen

4. The principal areas inhabited by marine algae are rocky SHORES, salt marshes, and shallow water.

a) cliffs

b) coasts

c) pools

d) rivers

e) Soot STICKS TO anything it touches.

a) blackens

b) clings to

c) points to

d) streaks

9. The flower is the MOST ATTRACTIVE, most colourful and most fragrant part of many plants.

a) prettiest

b) rarest

c) softest

d) strongest

10. Roses are POPULAR flowers in Polish gardens.

a) accustomed

b) favourite

c) ordinary

d) vulgar