Great Britain

Great Britain is a capitalists state. It lies on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large Islands Great Britain and Ireland and of thousands of small Islands. Great Britain consists of three countries: England, Wales and Scotland. England Lies in the south of the British Isles, Wales is to the west of England and Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain includes four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland lies in the north – east of Ireland.

The Atlantic Ocean washes the British Isles in the west. In the east you can see the North Sea and the southern coast is washed by the English Channel. The Irish Sea lies between England and Ireland.

The North Sea and the English Channel, the narrowest part of which is called the Strait of Dover, separate Great Britain from the European continent.

Some parts of Great Britain are flat and others are mountainous. The surface of Eastern and Northern Ireland is flat, but the surface of Wales and Scotland is hilly and mountainous. In the west of Wales we can see the Cambrian mountains.

The Cheviot Hills separate England from Scotland. To the south of Cheviot Hills you can see the Pennines and Cumbrian mountains. There are a lot of beautiful lakes in Cumbrian mountains.

There are many rivers in Britain but they are not very long. The principal rivers are the Severn, the Trent and the Thames. The Severn is the longest river but the most important river is the Thames. It is navigable all the year round.

The area of Great Britain is 211000 square km. and population is more than 55 mln.

Great Britain is a highly developed capitalist country. There are many industrial cities and towns such as Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Sheffield and many others. Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and London itself are university cities. On the map you can sea numerous harbours which serve as ports among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others. London is the capital of Great Britain.

Answer the questions:

1. What do we call a group of islands situated to the northwest of Europe?

2. What are the names of the two biggest islands?

3. What parts does Great Britain consist of?

4. Where is each part situated? (England, Wales, Scotland).

5. What are the most important rivers in Great Britain?

6. Why is the Thames the most important river?

7. Are there many mountains and hills in Great Britain?

8. What are the names of the mountains?

9. What is the area (the population) of Great Britain?

10. What country is Great Britain?

11. What industrial (university) cities of Great Britain do you know?

12. Why are there many ports in Great Britain?

4. Расскажите о Великобритании, используя данные вопросы.

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LONDON

1. Vocabulary:

1. the capital – столица

2. political – политический

3. economic – экономический

4. cultural – культурный

5. commercial – коммерческий

6. financial – финансовый

7. ancient – древний

8. a century – век, столетие

9. to include – включать

10. to consist of – состоять из

11. the West End – Западная часть (Уэст Энд)

12. the East End – Восточная часть

13. the City – Центральная часть (Сити)

14. rich – богатый

15. poor – бедный

16. a bank – 1) берег 2) банк

17. a business office – деловое учреждение

18. to admire the sightseeings of London – любоваться достопримечательностями Лондона

19. the Houses of Parliament – парламент

20. a tower – башня

21. the Tower of London –Лондонский Тауэр

22. Big Ben – название часов

23. architectural monuments – архитектурные памятники

24. the British Museum – Британский музей

25. the National Gallery – Национальная Галерея

26. Buchingham Palace – Букингемский дворец

27. Westminister Abbey – Вестминстерское аббатство

28. The Nelson Column – колонна Нельсона

29. St. Paul’s Cathedral – собор св. Павла

30. The suburbs of London – пригород Лондона

2. Переведите следующие слова:

a) to be situated – situation; near – nearly – nearness; administration – administrative; narrow – narrowness; rich – richness; poor – poorly;

b) narrow – wide; poor – rich; clean – dirty; near – far; famous – unknown; ancient – young; old – new;

c) to include – to consist (of); section – part; due to – thanks to; chiefly – mainly; almost nearly – about; sightseeing’s – the places of interest;

3. Переведите предложения:

1. This book consists of five parts. 2. London includes three sections. 3. The ancient Kremlin looks very beautiful. 4. London is an ancient city. 5. Many ancient Russian churches and cathedrals are realy beautiful. 6. St. Paul’s Cathedral is well known in the world. 7. What’s the time? It’s nearly two o’clock. 8. London is situated on the banks of the Thames nearly 40 miles from its mouth (устья). 9. The West End, the East End and the City are the chief parts of London. 10. Thousands of tourists from all parts of the world admire the singhts of London. 11. The most beautiful London park – Hyde Park – is in the West End. 12. The Houses of Parliament are situated in Westminister – in the administrative centre of London.

4. Прочтите и переведите текст:

LONDON.

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. London is an ancient city. It is more than 20 centures old. The population of London with its suburbs is more than eight million people.

London is situated on the banks of the river Thames. The river Thames divides the city into two large parts – the West End and the East End. London consists of four important sections: the West End, the East End, the City and Westminster.

The City is a small part of London only one square mile in area but it is a financial and business centre of the country. There are trusts; banks and various business offices here.

Westminister is an administrative centre of London. The Houses of Parliament are situated here. It is the seat of the British Government. The building is very beatiful with its towers and a big clock called Big Ben.

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Westminster is famous for Westminster Abbey where kings and queens are crowned. It is just opposite the houses of Parliament. Many famous people are buried in Westminster Abbey, among them Newton, Darwin, Dickens and Kipling. Here are the memorials to Shakespeare and Longfellow.

The West End is a rich part of London. Here you can see the best theatres and cinemas, concert halls and museums, restaurants and hotels, a lot of parks and gardens.

Hyde Park is among them. Rich people live here. The streets are wide and clean, the houses are beautiful. It is a cultural centre of London.

The Fast End is the poorest section of London. It includes ports and docks. It is an industrial centre of London. There are many factories and plants. The streets are narrow. The houses are not beautiful. Poor and working people live here.

London is famous for its interesting places. There are many architectural, art and historical monuments in London such as the British Museum, the Tower of London, the National Gallery, Buckingham Palace, the Nelson Column which is in Trafalgar Square and many others. Thousands of tourists come to London to admire its sightseeings.

5. Answer the questions:

1. What is London?

2. Where is London situated?

3. How old is London?

4. What is the population of London with its suburbs?

5. What parts does London consist of?

6. What centre of London is the City?

7. Which section of London is an administrative one?

8. Which part of London is the poorest?

9. What is the West End?

10. Who lives in the City (in the West End, in the East End)?

11. What can you see in the West End (in the City, in the East End)?

12. Name interesting places of London.

6. Перескажите текст, пользуясь планом.

1. London is the capital of Great Britain.

2. The sections of London.

3. The City – a financial part of London.

4. The West End – a rich part of London.

5. The East End – the poorest part of London.

6. Westminster – an administrative section of London.

MOSCOW

I. Vocabulary:

1. to found (founded) – основывать

2. to occupy the leading place – занимать ведущее место

3. the struggle for the unification – борьба за воссоединение

4. to start one’s activity – начать свою деятельность

5. ahead – во главе

6. well known – хорошо известный

7. to admire – восхищаться

8. to be famous – быть знаменитым

9. the seat of the Government – место правительства

10. to take place – проходить

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. It was founded by Yuri Dolgoruki in 1147. There is a monument to Yuri in Moscow. Moscow always occupied the leading place in the history of Russia. Already in the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle for the unification of the Russian lands. The first Russian public theatre, the first – hand written Russian newspaper, the first Russian University started their activity in Moscow.

In 1918 the Soviet Government with V.I.Lenin ahead moved to Moscow from Petrograd and it became the capital of the first socialist state in the world.

Moscow is an industrial, cultural and political centre. It is an educational and scientific centre. There are many institutes, universities, and research establishments in Moscow. The University after Lomonosov, the University of Friendship after Patris Lumumba are well-known in the whole world.

We admire Moscow’s fine buildings, palaces, architectural monuments. The museums, art galleries and exhibitions, theatres, historical monuments of Moscow make it very important for world culture.

The Lenin Museum, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of History and Revolution and the famous state Tretiakov Gallery are well-known in the world.

Moscow is the seat of the Government of Russia.

All the congresses and conferences of the state organs take place in Moscow.

2. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык географические названия:

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Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Hungary, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, Korea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Okhostsk Sea, the Arctic Ocean.

3. Правильно прочитайте:

a) education, population, revolution, foundation, exhibition, inification, collection;

b) culture, picture, centure, architecture, cultural, architectural.

4. Просмотрите текст и зачитайте предложения соответствующие следующим пунктам:

а) из истории Москвы;

б) Москва – научный и образовательный центр;

в) Москва – культурный центр;

г) Москва – политический центр.