Task IV. Read and translate the text

THE INTERNET

He who laughs last probably

made a back-up.

Murphy’s Laws of Computing

The Internet is a huge network of computers spanning this planet. Some computers share data others just surf the web as clients downloading the data. Everybody knows that the history of internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war. Public Internet began in the late 70's.

In 1973 one U.S. Defense Agency initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the «Internet».

During the late 1980-s the population of Internet users and network constituents expanded internationally and began to include commercial facilities. Indeed, the bulk of the system today is made up of private networking facilities in educational and research institutions, businesses and in government organizations across the globe.

Nowadays the Internet is very helpful because it's a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge.

Besides data, one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is the most popular internet service today. We can get some news from the Internet; there are many news servers in the web. We can watch movies through the Internet, listen to music and radio, set conferences, etc. i.e. the Internet provides great number of possibilities to use that will help us in our everyday life.

The amount of transmitting information in the net is so huge that the carrying capacity of the net sometimes fails to transmit it. Nowadays the Internet can bring entire libraries, if not classrooms, into the home — for just a few dollars a year. Already “on-line universities” exist, with more to come. It is accredited institutions which facilitate studies home, using texts and information administered over the Internet.

Financial transactions will become easier and faster than ever before. Through «digital cash» products coming soon to the market, purchases can be made without giving a credit card number and exposing it to risk of theft. Instead, the purchaser transmits digitally encoded bits of information which are accepted as «money» by other computers, and securely buys goods and services, pays bills, and even pays income taxes.

Television is expected to be linked into the Internet, expanding manifolds the entertainment and information possibilities. Through the TV set will come information, transpiring news and job information. There will be movies on demand and interactive TV in which the audience participates in shows they watch.

Virtual reality, the whole field of equipment and programs which make possible such things as lifelike flight simulations, is also coming to the Internet — for high-tech entertainment and also for instruction and training.

This is just a sampling of what is yet to come.

Anyway future belongs to the Internet and new revolutionary technologies in computer industry.

Task V. Give the English translation to the following:

Мережа комп’ютерних центрів; надавати дані та інформацію; розроблені для того, щоб допомогти вижити; розпочати дослідницьку програму; для зв’язку мереж різних видів; через численні, пов’язані мережі; поширюватися між країнами; миттєвий зв'язок; основна частина системи; кількість інформації, що передається; ціла бібліотека; керувати навчанням вдома; заклади, які мають повноваження проводити навчання вдома засобами Інтернету; фінансова угода; електронні гроші; робити покупки; підлягати ризикам та грабунку; безпечно купувати товари та послуги; збільшуючи в багато разів.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the Internet?

2. Why was the Internet designed?

3. When did public Internet begin?

4. What is the most popular interface for mail used in 70s?

5. What kind of browsers do you know?

6. How can we find information in the Internet?

7. Is it cheaper to use the Internet mail service instead of ordinary post office?

8. Who used the term the Internet for the first time?

9. What are TCP and IP?

10. What can one get from the Internet?

11. Why is the Internet Society trying to figure out new TCP/ IP nowadays?

12. How can the Internet expand manifolds the entertainment and information possibilities?

13. What can the Internet do regarding financial transactions?

14. What advantages can the Internet bring into television industry?

15. What advantages can virtual reality bring for education?

16. Is it possible to receive education through the Internet nowadays?

17.What spheres of life is Internet helpful now?

18.What is the kind of modern education the Internet provides?

Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. Інтернет – це велика мережа комп’ютерів, яка охоплює всю нашу планету і тепер вже мережа, що прорвалася в оточуючий нас простір – космос.
2. Суспільне використання Інтернет почалося в кінці 70-х років.
3. В 70-х роках використовували інтерфейс, який називався тенет, але тепер ця програма зстаріла.
4. Інтернет дуже корисний, тому що його величезна база даних і знань, від картинок наших сімейних поїздок до аналізу даних квантової механіки.
5. Швидкість зв’язку і величезне різноманіття роблять Інтернет необхідний кожній людині.
6. крім даних, які можна отримати із Інтернету, ми також можемо відіслати або отримати електронну пошту.
7. Електронна пошта стає все популярнішою кожного дня.
8. В Інтернет велика кількість корисних можливостей, які можуть допомогти нам в повсякденному житті.
9. Вінт Серф і Боб Кахн вперше використали термін «Інтернет» в своїй роботі «Протокол передачі даних».
10. В любому випадку, майбутнє належить Інтернету і революційним технологіям в комп’ютерній індустрії.
11. Очікується, що телебачення скоро буде підключено до мережі Інтернет, багаторазово збільшаться можливості у сфері розваг і інформації.
12. Віртуальна реальність, весь спектр обладнання і программ, які роблять можливим робити такі речі, як імітація польоту в реальних умовах, також переходять в Інтернет – для високотехнологічних розваг, а також для навчання і тренування.
13. На даний момент Інтернет може принести в дім цілі бібліотеки, якщо не стати навчальною партою.
14. Покупець передає закодовані біти інформації, які сприймаються другим комп’ютером як гроші, і без якої-небудь небезпеки купує товар і послуги, оплачує рахунки і навіть платить похідний налог або налог на прибуток.

Internet connection

Diana = D

William = W

D: Willy, this new computer is absolutely wonderful.

W: Richard and Marilyn bought it for me to my birthday.

D: They’re smart and so thoughtful. You are very lucky, Willy, to have such nice friends.

W: Is something wrong, Diana;

D: No, nothing. The only problem is that I have a computer but I haven’t got the Internet connection yet. I do know no how to connect.

W: I can help you. What’s the matter?

D: You know I do need the internet connection but I do not want to bother you.

W: come on, Diana. What’s up? We are friends for yers. Let me help you. You are a student and the internet is very helpfu l because it’s a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures to an analysis of quantum` mechanics. You are to have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge database of knowledge.

D: But I don’t not event know how to get in the Internet!

W: I’ll show you. It is easy. Then you should practice it and after couple times you’ll be a professional user. I swear!!!

D: Are you kidding?

W: No. I am serious. Cheer up!!! To go on the Internet And do a search for information one needs, firstly we should by and connect a modem. Look here. It is easy to connect. Let’s go and I’ll show you how I have connected my computer to the internet. Look here.

D: OK. I see.

W: So. Have done this, you should install an Internet Explorer.

D: What is that?

W: It is so-called “ browser ”. It helps you to connect and surf the Net. I’m fact< there are several browsers: Explorer, Netscape Navigator, opera, Mozilla, etc. you can chose whatever you want. They work on the same principle. There are two ways to connect to the Internet: dial-up and broad band connections. We’ll use dial-up connection. It is cheaper. I am not going to explain you how to make a dial-up connection. I’ll give you the book Windows XP and you’ll read it there on your own. Ok?

D: Deal, Willy!

W: So, you have an internet connection and Internet explorer installed on you computer. What are you going to do then?

D: What?

W: You click on the Internet Explorer icon. Right here and wait while the program is loading and then look around. If we have a broadband connection, then we should be connected to the Internet at once. If not, we have to connect to dial-up service. Finally, if we want to do a search for data on the Internet, we are to type in the browser we use the address of this data. Also we can simply use the existing search-programs: the Google, Rambler, Yandex or Yahoo search programs. There you just should type want you need to find and wait until the search program screens search results.

Searching programs are connected or better say incorporate many popular informational networks of sites. So, we are getting our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose whatever site best matches our query or keep on searching.

Besides data, one can get from the Internet; you can also send and receive e-mail or electronics mail. This internet service is cheaper then ordinary mail and much quicker. You can also get some news from the Internet; there are many news servers in the web.

D: Oh, Willy. It sounds well, but I need to practice it.

W: OK. Here it is the book I promised you. Tomorrow I’ll come and help you to connect to the Internet.

D: Thanks you, Willy. See you tomorrow at 5 p.m.

W: See you.