Способы перевода на русский язык

Существуют три способа перевода страдательного залога на русский язык:

1. При помощи глагола «быть» + краткая форма причастия.

The goods will be delivered in June. - Товары будут поставлены в июне.

2. Глаголами, оканчивающимися на –ся.

Business letters are usually written by engineers. – Деловые письма обычно пишутся инженерами.

3. Неопределенно-личным оборотом.

They were taught French last year. - Их учили французскому языку в прошлом году.

Tenses	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am, is, are done	am, is, are being done	has, have been done
Past	was, were done	was, were being done	had been done
Future	shall, will be done	–	shall, will have been done

Present Indefinite: The paper is published every day.

Past Indefinite: The paper was published last week.

Future Indefinite: The paper will be published next week.

Present Continuous: The paper is being published.

Present Perfect: The paper has been published this week.

В английском языке страдательный залог употребляется шире, чем в русском языке, так как подлежащим может быть прямое, косвенное и предложное дополнение предложения в действительном залоге.

1. Прямое дополнение – подлежащее.

He wrote the letter. The letter was written by him.

2. Косвенное дополнение - подлежащее.

They asked him many questions. He was asked many questions.

3. Предложное дополнение - подлежащее.

They sent for the doctor. The doctor was sent for.