| Sign
| Designation
| Example
| Wording
|
| Summation sign (capital sigma)
|  a
| The sum from (a equals) one to n of x sub a.
|
| Product sign (capital pi [pai])
|  a
| The product from (a equals) one to n of x sub a.
|
| log
| Logarithm (log) sign
| log 10 3
| The log(arithm) of three to the base ten.
|
| ′
| Dash, prime
| a′ b″
| a dash times b double dash = a prime times b double prime
|
| ()
| Parentheses
| 3 (a + b)
| Three multiplied by a plus b in parentheses = three times the sum of a and b= three times the quantity, a plus b = three, (initial) parenthesis, a plus b, (final) parenthesis.
|
| [ ]
| Brackets
| 
| Bracket, a + b, bracket, multiplied by c.
|
| { }
| Braces
| 
| One third times (initial) brace, a, (initial) bracket, b plus k, (initial) parenthesis, c minus d, (final) parenthesis, (final) bracket, (final) brace.
|
| Identity sign
| 
| a is identical to/with b.
|
| >
| Greater than sign
| a > b
| a is greater than b.
|
| <
| Less than sign
| a < b
| a is less than b.
|
| ≥
| Greater than or equal to sign
| a ≥ b
| a is greater than or equal to b.
|
| ≤
| Less than or equal to sign
| a ≤ b
| a is less than or equal to b.
|
| Approximation sign
| 
| a is approximately (nearly) equal tob.
|
∞ 
| Infinity sign
|  → ∞
| x tends to infinity = x approaches infinity.
|
| Therefore sign
| 
| Therefore a equals b.
|
| Because sign
| 
| Because (since) a doesn’t equal b.
|
| Differential sign
| 
| Differential of x.
|
|
| Derivative
|  ; 
| (The first) derivative of y with respect to x = dy to dx; the second derivative of y with respect to x.
|
| Integral sign
| 
| Integral between the limits x and y of capital i sub p cubed = Integral of capital i sub p cubed, from x to y.
|
sin
| Sine
Cosine
| 
| Sine x
Cosine x
|
| Tangent
Cotangent
| 
| Tangent x
Cotangent x
|
