VOCABULARY. 1. judge rightly the value of; understand and enjoy

appreciate, v

1. judge rightly the value of; understand and enjoy

e.g. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.

2. put a high value on

e.g. We greatly appreciate your help.

appreciation, n

1. (a statement giving) judgement, valuation.

e.g. She showed little/ no appreciation of good music.

2. understanding and recognition.

e.g. in sincere appreciation of your valuable help

appreciable, a

that can be seen or felt

e.g. an appreciable change in the temperature

appreciably, adv

appreciative, a

feeling or showing appreciation (2)

e.g. an appreciative audience

custom, n

1. usual and generally accepted behaviour among members of a social group (either small or large, esp. a nation)

2. particular way of behaviour which, because it has been long established, is observed by individuals and social groups

e.g. Social customs vary in different countries.

Usage:

Compare habit, custom, practice and convention. A habit usu. Means sth which is done regularly by a single person (e.g. He has an annoying habit of biting his nails.). A custom usu. Means sth which has been done for a long time by a whole society (e.g. the custom of giving presents at Christmas. Practice can mean custom, but often with a derogatory meaning (e.g. the practice of eating one’s enemies). It can also mean the usual way of doing things in business, law, etc. The conventions of a society are its generally accepted standards of behaviour (e.g. As a matter of convention, people attending a funeral wear dark clothes.).

doldrums, dulldrams, n (pl)

dullness, low spirits; (fig.) state of stagnation

escape, v

1. get free; get away; (of steam, fluids, etc.) find a way out

e.g. Two of the prisoners have escaped.

2. avoid; keep free or safe from

e.g. You were lucky to escape punishment.

3. be forgotten or unnoticed by

e.g. His name escapes me for the moment.

escape, n

1. (act of) escaping; fact of having escaped

e.g. There have been very few successful escapes from this prison.

2. means of escape

3. sth that provides temporary distraction from reality or dull routine (e.g. through music, reading)

escapism, n

avoidance ofunpleasant realities by escaping into a more pleasant world of imagination

escapist, n

person, thing doing this

e.g. escapist literature

experience, n

1. process of gaining knowledge or skill by doing and seeing things; knowledge or skill so gained (gained by/ from experience)

e.g. Has he had much experience in this work?

2. event, activity, which has provided (1)

e.g., She wrote about her experiences in Africa.

3. eventthat affects one in some way

e.g. an incredible/ unpleasant/ unusual/ delightful experience; to share one’s experiences with friends

experience, v

have experience of

e.g. to experience difficulty/ pain/ pleasure

experienced, a

having knowledge or skill as a result of experience

e.g. an.experienced nurse/ teacher/ raveler

Opp.: inexperienced, a.

familiarize, v

1. make well acquainted (with)

e.g. familiarize oneself with the rules

2. make well known

e.g. Television has familiarized the word “newscast”.

gain, v

1. obtain (sth wanted or needed)

e.g. gain experience/ knowledge/ an understanding of/ an advantage over sb/ sb’s sympathy

ðgain time (= improve one’s chances by delaying sth, making excuses, etc)

ðgain the upper hand (= win)

2. make progress; be improved; benefit

e.g. The baby gained 5 pounds (in weight)»

3. reach, arrive at (a desired place, esp. With effort)

e.g. The. Swimmers gained the shore.

gain, n

1. increase of possessions; acquiring of wealth

e.g. interested only in gain (= in becoming rich)

2. increase in amount or power

e.g. a gain in wealth/ weight

gainful, a

providing money

e.g. gainful occupations

gainfully, adv

in order to earn money

e.g. gainfully employed

involve, v

1. cause (a person or thing) to take part or be mixed up (in trouble, a difficult condition, etc.)

e.g. They are deeply involved in debt.

2. have as a necessary result

e.g. The new design is involving me in a lot of extra work.

involvement, n

involving or being involved (in, wit h); financial embarrassment; complicated affair

involved, a

complicated in form, etc.; concerned (in); in question

Opp.: uninvolved, a

live out, v

realize (one’s dreams); experience in reality

e.g. Her success enabled her to live out her wildest fantasies.

miss out on sth, v

lose a chance to gain advantage or enjoyment

e.g. You really missed out on a lot of fun by not coming to the party.

perspective, n

1. (on sth) the way a situation or problem is judged, so that (proper) consideration and importance is given to each part

e.g. a historical perspective; We must get/ keep the problem in perspective, it’s not really that serious. The results need to be looked at in (their proper) perspective

2. (of) a view, esp. One stretching far into the distance

reason, n

(for) (fact put forward or serving as a) motive, explanation or justification for sth

e.g. Is there any real reason why you are late? What’s the reason for your long silence? The reason why he’s late is that there was a breakdown on the railway.

ðwith reason (= rightly)

ðby reason of (= because of)

▪Cf.: cause, n

that which produces an effect, that makes sth happen

e.g. The cause of the fire was carelessness.

routine, n

fixed and regular way of doing things

e.g. my routine duties (= those performed regularly). She longed to escape from the same old familiar routine, the routine of housework

sights, n (pl)

noteworthy buildings, places, features, etc. Of a place or district, sth worth seeing

ðsee the sights (= visit well-known places, esp. as a tourist)

sightseeing, n

visiting sights as a tourist

e.g. Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer (to go) sightseeing; a sightseeing holiday; Once I sailed down the Thames on a sightseeing tour.

sightseer, n

person who goes sightseeing

status, n

1. person’s legal, social or professional position in relation to others

e.g. have no official status

2. high social position; recognition and respect by others

e.g. They think owning an expensive car will give them status; it’s just a status symbol (= sth that is thought to be evidence of social rank, wealth) to them.

tourist attraction, n

a place or event that attracts large numbers of tourists, e.g. festivals, concerts, cinemas, etc.

touristy, a

(derog.) suitable for or visited by tourists

try sth out, v

use it, experiment with it, in order to test it

e.g. The idea seems good but it needs to be tried out.

try-out, n

test of ability, qualifications, etc., e.g. of an athlete

wild life, n

wild animals, birds, insects coll.