Значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов

Модальные глаголы обозначают не действие, a:

• возможность или способность совершения действия;

• разрешение, позволение;

• вероятность, предположение;

• необходимость;

• долженствование.

1. Прочитайте предложения, объясните значения модальных глаголов can/could, must, to have to, to be to, may/ might, should, ought to, shall, to be obliged to и переведите на русский язык.

1. The laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation cannot contradict federal laws.

2. Bills may be introduced by individual MPs, they are debated in the Commons usually on Fridays.

3. To become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President.

4. The President can veto a bill.

5. Can the state system of a particular country be changed?

6. The House of Representatives can also impeach the President.

7. The President is to carry out the programmes of the Government.

8. All citizens of the Russian Federation shall enjoy equal rights.

9. The Monarch must give the Royal Assent before a Bill can become a legal enactment (Act of Parliament).

10. The British are divided on the issue whether the Monarchy should last.

11. The Speaker of the House of Commons has to be completely impartial.

12. Students ought to treat professors with respect.

13. Shall I pay the rent monthly? No, you needn’t. We charge rental payments once a year.

14. You should do your best to learn legal terminology.

15. Trade secret needn’t be registered.

16. All citizens are obliged to observe laws.

17. The US President shall be elected every 4 years.