Подготовьте текст для устного чтения и перевода. Подготовьте сообщение/презентацию на тему «Химические элементы и их роль в литосфере Земли»

Ex.20.

Подготовьте сообщение/презентацию на тему «Химические элементы и их роль в литосфере Земли».

Unit II. Minerals and gemstones

Focus on:

7. Терминологическая и понятийная лексика (слова и выражения, обозначающие структуру, состав, происхождение, встречаемость, изменчивость веществ в зависимости от условий среды);

1. Устойчивые словосочетания (in various ways, under different conditions, etc.)
2. Употребление many, much, little, few, a few, a little с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными.
3. Значения и употребление «most».
4. Способы образования некоторых частей речи:

high – height – to heighten

broad – bread – to broaden

wide – width – to widen

long – length – to lengthen

1. Связующие элементы: although, however, because,

because of, consequently, like/unlike.

7. Построение дефиниций.

Text Study.

Minerals are the basic naturally occurring inorganic homogeneous units having definite physical and chemical properties which are combined in various ways and under different conditions to form rocks.

Most minerals consist of elements combined as chemical compounds although a few may occur as native elements, – for example, gold, silver, copper, and carbon (diamond and graphite).

Minerals form under many different conditions, but for each mineral there is a specific range of temperature, pressure, and other conditions under which it is stable.

Stated in a different way, minerals are stable only in the environment in which they are formed. For example, olivine forms at depth; it commonly crystallizes from magma under relatively high temperatures and pressures. If olivine is exposed to the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the earth’s surface, it is no longer stable and the crystal structure disintegrates.

If clay minerals which formed at the surface of the earth are deeply burred or subjected to heat and pressure, they change to micas which are stable under new conditions.

A few minerals, such as quartz, are stable under a range of conditions. However, most minerals are not, and since conditions at specific places on the earth’s surface commonly change, the minerals change too. Because of crustal movements, minerals which formed at the surface are commonly subjected to the conditions at depth, and minerals which formed at depth are commonly exposed at the surface.

Consequently, change, not stability is the rule.

Notes: to occur [E`kE:] – occurrence [E`kQrEns ]

Ex.1.

Найдите в тексте английские соответствия следующим словам и словосочетаниям:

встречающиеся в природе; однородные (гомогенные) единицы; различным образом; при различных условиях; хотя; несколько; особый диапазон температурных условий; иначе говоря; на глубине; при высокой температуре; на поверхности; подвергаться давлению и температуре; однако; так как; из-за; следовательно.

Ex.2