Подготовьте текст для контрольного чтения вслух и устного перевода

Ex. 13.

Подготовьте сообщения на тему:

1. Минералы. Условия образования.

2. Геммология – наука о драгоценных камнях.

Unit III. Rocks. Types of rocks

Focus on:

1. терминологическая и понятийная лексика (состав, происхождение, встречаемость)

2. значение “any” в повествовательном предложении

3. Present/Past Indefinite (active/passive)

4. структура It is believed that …

5. усилительная конструкция It is … that

6. either … or/ neither … nor

7. инфинитив результата (… cooled to form the crust)

8. построение дефиниций

Text Study

Rock – one of the solid materials of which the earth’s crust is mainly composed. It is made up of minerals. The majority of rocks are heterogeneous aggregates of more than one kind of mineral, but some rocks consist largely of a single kind of mineral.

Rock occur both in the form of layers (strata) and irregular masses of various sizes and shapes. It originates in many ways. According to their origin three major categories of rocks are recognized. They are igneous rocks (Latin “igne” means “fire”), sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. (“Metamorphic” in Greek means “changed form”.)

It is believed that at one time the Earth was molten (liquid or almost liquid). It is believed that some of the molten material cooled to form the solid crust of the Earth. Any material which was formed from liquid rock is called igneous rock.

During the long period of geologic time, igneous rocks were eroded. The forces of erosion carried away particles of eroded rock – some coarse, some fine – and set them down in layers, either on dry land or under water. In time some of these materials were subjected to high pressures. As a result it changed into another type of solid material known as sedimentary rock.

Igneous and sedimentary rocks were often subjected to heat, pressure or movement. As a result their original qualities were changed. Thus, new materials known as metamorphic rocks were formed.

Ex.1.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям:

большинство пород; однородные агрегаты; более чем; в основном; один (единственный); неправильная по форме и размерам масса; различными путями; согласно происхождению…; главные категории; изверженные, осадочные и метаморфические породы; полагают, что…; когда-то; выветриваться (эродировать); силы эрозии…; выносить частицы эродированной породы; грубые/тонкозернистые частицы; откладывать слоями; либо … либо; со временем; подвергаться высокому давлению; в результате; первоначальные свойства.

Ex.2.