Growing Trends (Part I)

What will our world be like in the next century? Scientists today are analysing statistics that show how the world has changed in previous years and using them to try to predict the future. They want to know what sort of jobs we will be doing, what technology we will be using in our daily lives, what kind of homes we will be living in and what our world will look like in the 21^st century.

We have sketched in outline some of the growing trends and the scientists’ predictions below.

The environment in the 21^st century we will almost certainly be living in a warmer world. The world will continue to use fossil fuels which release carbon dioxide, the main cause of global warming.

Damage done to the ozone layer by man-made chemicals will mean that our children will have an increased risk of developing skin cancer.

We will be living in a world with less energy available and we will be forced to reduce our energy consumption.

Technology in the 21^st century most families will be using computers in the home to do a wide variety of tasks. The vast bulk of the technology we will be using a generation from now already exists in some form. Over 3 million British households have personal computers today and a further 650,000 are expected to acquire them in the next year. In 25 years’ time computers will be a million times faster than they are today and will work in a way that resembles the human brain. They will have become easier to use, but anyone who has not learnt how to use the new technology will be seriously disadvantaged, particularly in the field of employment.

The Future Perfect Tense

(Будущее совершенное время)

Future Perfect используется довольно редко, оно обозначает действие, которое закончится до определенного момента или начала другого действия в будущем или будет продолжать длиться после него.

Next year we shall have been married for 30 years.
В следующем году мы будем женаты уже 30 лет.

Образование Future Perfect

Утвердительные предложения:

I shall have played	We shall have played
You will have played	You will have played
He / she / it will have played	They will have played

Время Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в будущем времени и причастия прошедшего времени значимого глагола, то есть его «третьей формы».

To have в будущем времени имеет две формы:

• shall have – 1 лицо. (We shall have covered 30 km by sunset)
• will have – 2 и 3 лицо. (They will have covered 30 km by sunset)

Причастие второе, или причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II), можно получить, прибавив к начальной форме значимого глагола окончание -ed:

examine – examin ed, enjoy – enjoy ed, close – clos ed

Однако в английском языке есть достаточно большая группа неправильных глаголов, которые образуют форму прошедшего времени не по общим правилам и которые необходимо запомнить.

Вопросительные предложения:

Shall I have played?	Shall we have played?
Will you have played?	Will you have played?
Will he / she / it have played?	Will they have played?

В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол выносится на место перед подлежащим, а значимый глагол остается после него:

Will have you read all these books by the exam time?
Ты прочтешь все эти книги до начала экзаменов?

Отрицательные предложения:

I shall not have played	We shall not have played
You will not have played	You will not have played
He / she / it will not have played	They will not have played

В отрицательных предложениях за вспомогательным глаголом следует отрицательная частица not. При этом они могут быть сокращены до формы hadn’t:

I guess, I shall not have received your next letter before Christmas.
Думаю, я не получу твое следующее письмо раньше Рождества.

Употребление Future Perfect:

• Действие, которое начнется и закончится до определенного момента в будущем:

You will have spent much efforts before you can run a marathon.
Ты потратишь много усилий, прежде чем сможешь пробежать марафон.

Указатели Future Perfect

Future Perfect употребляется с такими обозначениями времени, как by 3 o’clock tomorrow, by the time he comes и т.д.