Exercise 3. Read and translate the sentences paying special mention to the translation of the infinitives

1. To be suitable for textile purposes a fibre must posses certain properties and qualities.

2. The fleece to be spun into yarn must be sorted.

3. The sheep are sheared to get the wool.

4. Wool is usually used to make warm winter garments.

5. Hurst are known to be pelts of certain animals.

6. To felt wool is an old method of making cloth.

7. The fibre to be manufactured into yarn should possess certain properties.

8. The fleece must be washed several times to remove dist and fat.

Exercise 4. Substitute Ukrainian words for English ones given below.

Wool was the first fibre used by man as одяг (fabric, clothing)

Loose fibres скручують (are twisted, are felted)

Wool yarns тчуть (are spun, are woven) into every variety of material

Woolen textiles are hardly мнуться (crease, freeze)

Wool fibres чутливі (are suitable, are sensitive) to heat

Wool fibres are used for the manufacture of warm winter одягу (garment, bathing suits)

Wool fibres possess особливими якостями (certain quantities, particular properties)

Wool fibres are also used as pile material for килимів (carpets, blankets)

Wool fibres can be ткати, в’язати (spun, woven, knitted)

II. Reading.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text A “Wool”.

Wool

1. Wool is the soft, curly covering which forms the fleecy coat of the sheep and similar animals.

2. Wool was no doubt the first fibre used by man as clothing.

It was worn first in the form of a skin or pelt; later the fibres were matted or felted to make а fаbriс. Тhе next step in its development was the formation of the fibres into yarns from which fabrics were constructed. Today the pelts of certain sheep are used as furs while the loose fibres from other pelts are felted to form the felt or are twisted into wool yarns to be woven, or knitted into every type and variety of material.

3. Sheep are raised where extensive pastures are available, and where the climate permits them to winter in the open. The principal sheep-breeding regions are known to be the Australia, New Zealand, South America, North America and South Africa.

4. The sheep are sheared to get the wool. The sheared wool is a dense mass of fibres, forming the so-called wool fleece. The fleece to be spun into yarn must be sorted and then washed several times to, remove dirt and fat.

5. Wool fibres are soft and very elastic. Due to the high elasticity of the fibres, woollen textiles hardly crease and retain shape. Wool fibres are poor conductors of heat, that is, they retain heat. Wool fibres are sensitive to heat. Therefore, woollen textiles are not to be boiled. The strength of wool fibres appears to be not as great as that of flax and cotton.

6. On account of their particular properties, wool fibres are used for the manufacture of warm winter garments, outerwear, rainwear, bathing suits, and blankets. We know wool fibres to be also used as pile material for carpets.

7. The importance of wool as a textile fibre is shown by the fact that it was not only one of the first fibres made into material for clothing and household use, but that it remains the fibre most suitable for tailored and outerwear garments.