Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed)

1. Two con­clusions follow from this sociological argu­ment: human behaviour will change when social conditions change, and social condi­tions can be changed through ____________ action.

2. Sociologists also try to find the reason of ____________ problem.

3. Since human behaviour is affected by social structures, much of it is best explained not in terms of individual personality but as products of social ____________.

4. Ego­istic suicides are likely to occur when peo­ple become ____________ in the bonds that tie them to others.

5. The ____________to live be guided by socially struc­tured relationships and by culture, the be­liefs and ideas that characterize a society's way of life.

Task 8. Fill in the correct word from the box into the gaps below.

imagination affects emergent reality social networks interactions struggle behaviour latent functions assumptions

1. Sociology is the study of society – of the patterned ____________ among organized groups of people.

2. The sociological ____________ enables us to see the personal troubles of individuals as the results of impersonal social forces.

3. A social structure is an____________: the relationship among its members, not the nature of individual members, makes the structure what it is.

4. Specifi­cally, he showed that the rate of suicide is affected by the strength or looseness of the ____________ to which people belong.

5. Much social behaviour has unintended consequences, or ____________, as well as intended conse­quences, or manifest functions.

6. The ____________ of conflict theory are based largely on Karl Marx's theory of class con­flict.

7. Social or ____________ is a term used to categorize people in society according to social economic and educational status.

8. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes how the meaning those individuals give to social events and ____________ the way they behave.

9. Marx declared that all history is the history of class ____________.

10. Weber aimed at interpretive understanding of social ____________.

Task 9. Are the following statements about the text true (T) or false (F)?

1.	People try to improve themselves in case of undue behaviour.	T / F
2.	We can face nowadays progress due to strong will of people to change the world.	T / F
3.	Culture and social structures impose limits on sociologists.	T / F
4.	Bonds usually enmesh people inside their families.	T / F
5.	The main task of sociology is to understand human behaviour.	T / F

Task 10. Now look again at the text and find words in the paragraphs 1-5, which mean the same as:

a) ability (1)

b) govern (2)

c) circumambiency (2)

d) mapping (3)

e) disturb (3)

f) mankind (4)

g) hardly (4)

h) attempt (5)

i) slogan (5)

Task 11. Rearrange the letters to form a word used in the text, then match the word to its definition.

	ogosicoyl		a one source of control over other people
	cpnetsoc		bdirecting behaviour toward one an­other
	urutcel		c shared expectations of how people should behave
	fecunenli		d a set of shared ideas, or the customs, beliefs, and knowledge that characterize a so­ciety's way of life
	ritaonicent		e the scientific study of the patterns of social interaction
	wlsa		f in a social science research study, the group of people being studied
	ornsm		g ideas that enable us to organize and in­terpret our experiences
	apiouponlt		hnorms that are enforced by the formal sanc­tions of the state

Task 12. Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1. In paragraph 1 the "dissatisfied animals" are ____________

a) people who committed a suicide.

b) people who can change the world.

c) people who work hard for their future.

2. In paragraph 2 the phrase «nature controls nearly all the behaviour of other animals»suggests that people ____________

a) are not animals.

b) are dissatisfied animals.

c) can control nature.

3. In paragraph 3 the Socrates' statement "the unexam­ined life is not worth living" means that ____________

a) our life must be explored.

b) our life must be bright.

c) our life is the greatest value.

4. In paragraph 4 the expression "so­cial bonds" means ____________

a) social rules.

b) constraints – both natural and hu­man.

c) work and life inhibition.

5. In the final paragraph the statement "the promise of sociol­ogy" suggests that ____________

a. human beings can change the environment for the better.

b. human be­ings are to a large extent products of their social environment.

c. human be­ings in­fluence each other.

Task 13. Use the words from the right side to make the expressions with the words from the left side. Then translate them into Ukrainian.

human	groups
social	controls
philosophical	arrangements
powerful	alternative
willful	beings
conceivable	environment
social	reflec­tion

In this unit we make review of Tenses, for more information see Reference 1

GRAMMAR

Task 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable verb from the box, using the correct tense.

emphasize lack emerge change show

1. The sociological perspective ____________ us that people behave the way they do largely because of the social situations in which they find themselves.

2. Human behaviour ____________ when social conditions ____________

3. A few generalisations about this type of applications ____________ already___________.

4. Functional and structural analysis м the relationships of one part of society to other ones and to the social system as a whole.

5. Definite proof of that effect ____________ presently ____________.

Task 15. Replace each word/phrase in bold with a suitable expression from the box.

look on pile up rule on be aware of look up

1. Social science accumulates the consequences of a social phenomenon.

________________________________________________________________

2. The leadership has decided to be disinterested spectators in this vital struggle.

________________________________________________________________

3. Do you know three major theoretical perspec­tives in sociology?

________________________________________________________________

4. Conflict theorists study the processes aris­ing from the struggle of social actors to at­tain whatever they consider desirable.

_______________________________________________________________

5. In the modern era we can see a society divided between capitalists.

_______________________________________________________________

Task 16. Study the table, then underline the correct prepositions in the sentences below.

in time	вчасно (до речі);
on time	1) вчасно; 2) в назначений час;
out of time	несвоєчасно;
before time	1) передчасно; 2) завчасно;
at no time	ніколи;
in no time	1) моментально; 2) надзвичайно швидко;
for the time being	до певного часу;
at the same time	1) в той же самий час; 2) одночасно.

1. Arrange so that you get in\at time on scientific conference.
2. What may be done at\out any time, is done at\in no time.
3. The decision was made out of\for time.
4. They responded to the request in\before no time.
5. We take the value constant for\before the time being.
6. They rise the problem before\at time.

Task 17. There is an extra word in each of the sentences below. Check your knowledge of Present Tenses.

1. Some sociologists has believe that cultural ideas and social structures in­fluence each other.

2. These days social life is ulti­mately being depending on what people think and believe.

3. Erving Goffman has not been analyzed yet how people com­municate in that group.

4. Now social class plays a greater not lesser role in American life.

5. Ethnomethodology is studies of how people invent and convey shared meanings in everyday routines.

6. Anomic suicides are likely to occur during last periods of anomie.

7. There interpretation of Hegel's dialectic method is being clear.

8. A different approach to the problem is made due to Emile Durkheim.

Task 18. Complete the asterisked gaps in the chart below with words from the paragraphs indicated. Then fill in the other gaps.

PARAGRAPH	NOUN	ADJECTIVE	VERB
§ 1	*		behave
dissatisfaction	*
§ 2		urgent	*
*		arrange
§ 3	nature	*
	transformed	*
*		act
§ 4	conceivability	*
	enmeshed	*
§ 5	*		continue
sociology	*

Task 19. Write down a suitable question for the following answers. Pay attention to the correct tense.

A How many?

There are three major theoretical perspec­tives in sociology.

B When?

We have discovered functional or dysfunctional social phenomena recently.

C Who?

Now we are controlling the means of economic production.

D What.?

We have just finished phase one and are ready to start phase two.

Task 20. Rearrange these words to form sentences, and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Philosopher / of / is / Auguste / founder / Comte/ The / sociology / the / eighteenth / century / and / French

2. is / term / unity / on / the / social / of / people / Durkheim's / different / with / for / backgrounds / solidarity / mutual / based / and / Organic / beliefs/ dependence

3. kinds / The / work / have / at / experiences / their / of / people / attitudes/
change / and / behavior / also

4. factors / that / identified / Kanter / personality / has / opportunity / power / relative / as / structural / affect / and / numbers / individual

5. sense / The / powerlessness / size / and / of / unprecedented / have/ contributed / to / depersonal­ization / societies / and / a / number / of / in / modern / bu­reaucracies

Task 21. Find at least five examples of Present, Past and Future Tense in the text you have read.