Speak about your own spending of leisure time, your favourite

Activities and places. Express your opinion about the differences in popular activities of teenagers in Great Britain and Ukraine.

ART

1. Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:

fortification	зміцнення
fortified	укріплений
timber	лісоматеріал; дерев’яний брус
residential home	будинок пристарілих
influence	вплив
to decorate	прикрашати
to construct	споруджувати
to resemble	мати схожість
brick	цегла
Byzantine style	візантійський стиль
Renaissance style	стиль ренесанс
Baroque style	стиль бароко
classicism	класицизм
neo-classicism	неокласицизм
neo-Gothic	неоготичний
Moorish	мавританський
plastering	гіпсування; оштукатурювання
stunning	приголомшуючий; чудовий
exquisite	вишуканий
to perceive	сприймати
taste	смак
antiquity	античність; старовина
vast	величезний
treasure	скарб
waxworks museum	музей воскових фігур

2. Read and translate the text:

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

An architectural style is a specific method of construction, characterized by the features that make it notable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes over time. These may reflect changing fashions, changing beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas and new technology which make new styles possible.

Ukraine's architecture began developing during the 9th century during the Kievan Rus era. Buildings from this time period were constructed out of wood and included churches, fortifications and palaces. Timber was placed in horizontal sections with a hipped roof, providing a base for further construction. An example of a residential home in this style is seen in Chernihiv. At around the same time Byzantine style began to take root in Kievan Rus. Both architectural styles had an influence on each other. Byzantine domes were reformed and colors used in decorating became more Rus.

From the 12th to the 15th century defensive structures such as castles, fortresses and protected monasteries were constructed in populated areas. Decorative patterns can be seen on the massive walls of these buildings in the form of red brick plakhta. Fortified monasteries closely resembled castles as they were carefully adapted to guard against attack.

Between the 16th and 17th centuries a new form of architecture arose in Ukraine - Renaissance. This is clearly seen in the architecture of Ukraine's Lviv. Renaissance style greatly developed Ukraine's Baroque style. Soon a completely Ukrainian form of Baroque architecture was born. During the 18th century Ukraine's architecture began to feature plastering. Classicism came to the fore at that time and more public buildings and palaces were built. Ukraine's architecture of the late 1800s and early 1900s took on a variety of styles such as modern, neo-classicism, neo-Gothic and Moorish.

Sadly, numerous stunning buildings were destroyed during the communist regime. Despite this many exquisite examples of Ukrainian architecture can be viewed throughout the country.

3. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is architecture?

2. What is an architectural style?

3. When did Ukraine's architecture begin developing?

4. What were buildings from this time period constructed out of?

5. What was constructed in populated areas from the 12th to the 15th century?

6. Where can decorative patterns be seen?

7. When did Ukraine's architecture begin to feature plastering?

4. Are these statements true or false according to the information about Ukraine’s architecture?

1. Timber was placed in vertical sections with a hipped roof, providing a base for further construction.

2. Byzantine domes weren’t reformed.

3. Fortified monasteries closely resembled castles as they were carefully adapted to guard against attack.

4. Renaissance style greatly developed Ukraine's Baroque style.

5. Ukraine's architecture of the late 1800s and early 1900s took on only one style.

5. Read the following information:

MUSEUMS AND GALLERIES IN LONDON

There are enough museums and art galleries in London to keep you occupied for many years of rainy Sundays, and they cover much a wide range of subjects that there's sure to be something to everyone's taste.

To find out more about London itself you should visit the Museum of London in Barbican. The collection tells the story of the development of London from Prehistoric times to the present day and holds regular special exhibition. The displays range from Roman mosaics to Tudor jewellery, children's games and a reconstruction of part of Newgate prison. The best-known object in the collection is the Lord Mayor's Coach, which is taken out every November to take part in the Lord Mayor's Show.

The British Museum in Bloomsbury houses a world famous collection of antiquities from all around the globe. The collec­tions are vast. They are divided between 10 depart­ments - Ancient Egypt and Sudan, Ancient Near East, Coins and Medals, Ethnography, Greek and Roman Antiquities, Japanese Antiquities, Medieval and Modern Europe, Oriental Antiquities, Prehistory and Early Europe, Prints and Drawings. A keeper who has overall responsibility for the care, presentation and documentation of the objects heads each. Greek displays include the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, and among the many Roman objects is the exquisite Portland Vase.

The British Library has been situated in the Euston Road since 1998. It offers 11 reading rooms with access to over 12 million books as well as three exhibition galleries displaying treasures from the collections beautifully decorated 17^th century Lindisfarne Gospels, two copies of Magna Carta, the handwritten original manuscript of "Alice in Wonderland" and the first folio of Shakespeare's works.

The Natural History Museum explores the aspects of the natural world, including animals both living and extinct and the geology of our planet: dinosaurs, creepy-crawlies, stuffed animals, a life-size of a blue whale. In the Earth Galleries you can experience an earthquake and learn what causes earthquakes and volcanoes eruptions. The Museum traces its roots to the middle of the 18^th century with the establishment of the British Museum in Bloomsbury. The British Museum housed the collection of Sir Hans Sloane. His collection was extremely varied and included everything from dried snake skins from the West Indies, 338 vol­umes of dried plants, animal and human skeletons, to the artifacts from the ancient world. He regarded his collection as his life's work and, towards the end of his life, began to concern himself with its preservation. So he offered his collection to the Crown for 20,000 pounds. The proposal was accepted by Parliament on 19 March, 1753 and approved by the Crown on 7^th June the same year. At the beginning of 1756, Sloane's collection was housed in Montague House in Bloomsbury, the first home of the British Museum. In 1864 a design competition was held for the new museum buildings in South Kensington. The transfer of the natural history collec­tions from Bloomsbury to South Kensington began in July, 1880 and was completed in 1883.

Science Museum - you can learn here everything from steam engines and space exploration to astronomy and the measurement of time. It has over 300,000 objects in its care, covering the entire history of western science, technology and medicine. Welcome Wing deals with the latest scientific and technological develop­ments. It contains 125,000 objects. The Welcome Collection spans the history and practice of medicine from the ancient Greeks to present-day techniques, and is continually updated to map deve­lopments in biochemistry and genetics. The origins of the Science Museum lie in the 19^th century movement to improve scientific and technical education. Prince Albert was a leading figure in this movement, and he was responsible for the Great Exhibition of 1851 to promote the achievements of science and technology. The profits of the successful exhibition were used to purchase land in South Kensington to establish institutions devoted to the promotion and improvement of industrial technology. At the same time, the Government set up a Science and Art Department, which established the South Kensington Museum in 1857 from which the Science Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum have developed.

Victoria and Albert Museum is one of the greatest museums of decorative arts in the world founded in 1852. Its collections of ceramics, glass, textiles, dress, silver, ironwork, jewellery, furniture, sculpture, painting, prints and photographs span the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa and date from ancient times to the present-day. The Italian Renaissance sculpture collections are the best outside Italy and include several works by Donatello. The museum's greatest treasures are seven of Raphael's cartoons for tapestries made for the Sistine Chapel. The European Galleries contain superlative collection of European Art, dating from the Middle Ages through the end of the 19'¹' century. The earliest objects were made in about AD 400, when Christianity was started to be established as the dominant religion.

The Asian and Islamic Galleries also offer visitors the chance to experience the splendour of the arts of Asia. The objects on the display include stone and bronze sculpture, furniture and wood­work, jewellery and metalwork and collections of Indian miniature painting and textiles, which are among the most important in the world.

The Dress Gallery covers four centuries of European fashion­able dress from the early 18^th century to the new millennium. For example there is an elegant suit of a style of formal day wear worn by gentlemen in the late 1760s. There are also shoes, fans and hats on display. The earliest example is the green silk fan made in Italy (1620).

The British Galleries were established in the 16^l1' century and contain outstanding collection of art and design from the Tudor to the Victorian periods. Henry the VIII was a great patron of the arts. Many of the luxury objects made for him and his court show the influence of new ideas from Renaissance Europe.

The 20^lh Century Gallery displays some of the most significant and striking objects made between 1900 and the present day. There is a stylish armchair here that is designed by Denham Maclaren (1903-1989) who was one of the few British designers to embrace the spirit of European modernism. The armchair, made in about 1830, was fashionable not only in its use of glass, but also in the choice of zebra skin for the upholstery.

The Ceramics Galleries are famous for the remarkable col­lection of ceramics, which is by far the largest and most compre­hensive in the world. The Medici porcelain bottle is one of the greatest treasures. It is one of the museum's nine examples of Medici porcelain, only 60 pieces of which have survived. It was made in attempt to copy Chinese porcelain, which first reached Europe.

The National Gallery was founded in 1824 when the gov­ernment bought 38 pictures from the collection of John Julius Anger stein. The collection has grown to 2,000 paintings most of which are on permanent display. There are masterpieces from ah the European schools from the 13^th century to 1900 - Dutch, Flemish, Italian, and French. British art is well represented with portraits by Reynolds and Gainsborough along with Constable's: "Haywain" and Turner's "The Fighting Temeraire". The most popular rooms are those housing the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists - Monet, Renoir, Cezanne, Van Gogh ("Sunflowers"). All in all at the Gallery now there are 6,500 canvases representing West European painting. The pictures are placed not by national schools, but in the chronological order of their creation.

The National Portrait Gallery in St. Martin's Place is a unique collection of portraits of important Britons from all walks of life, including royalty, politicians, writers and scientists, kings and queens from the Tudors, the earliest portraits of Shakespeare, Nelson, Emma Hamilton...

Tate Britain at Milbank houses an extensive collection of British painting and sculpture from the 16^th century onwards. There is a good collection of canvases by Hogarth "Self portrait with a Pug". There are portraits by Reynolds and Gainsborough, horse painting by Stubs, landscapes by Constable, and many works by Turner.

The Tate Modern on Bankside is London's most exciting new exhibition space. It shows a wide-ranging collection of British and International contemporary art, and includes paintings by Picasso, Dali, Stanley Spenser, Francis Bacon and sculptures by Rodin, Brancusi, and Henry Moore.

Madame Tussaud's is a famous waxworks museum, which contains wax figures of famous people, both living and dead. New models are made regularly as people become famous and old models are melted down. It is especially noted for its particularly horrifying events in the Chamber of Horrors. The museum was opened in 1835 by Marie Tussaud (1760-1850). At the very entrance to the museum there is a wax model of an old lady of 81 that seems to open her own exhibition inviting the visitors to wander around the halls of the museum. She was born in 1760 in France and learned the art of making life-size portraits in wax when she was a young girl. She came to England in 1802 and since 1855 the exhibition has been permanently housed in Baker Street in London. Her portraits are lifelike and convinc­ing, special attention was paid to detail, the right clothes and effective lighting.

6. Discuss in pairs the following questions:

1. How varied is the artistic life of London?

2. Which of the museums appeal to you most?

3. Which would you like to visit? Why?

4. Which museum sounds most/least interesting to you?

7. Read the dialogue and put the or no article in each blank:

- Do you want to know more about ……British pictorial art?

- Sure. I’m going to study at …… Art school.

- Then let’s go to …… National Gallery.

- With pleasure. I love to paint ……sea and want to see Joseph Turner’s seascapes.

- Great! This is …. right place to go to ……Gallery exhibits many of his paintings.

- Will it be open on Monday?

- Yes, it was closed at …… Christmas. It usually doesn’t work on …. holiday. But Monday is OK.

- Excellent. Let’s go then.

8. Reproduce the dialogue “A Talk on Arts”

Ann: Hey, Helen, you are beaming with joy. Have you got a lucky lottery ticket or something?

Helen: A good guess. I'm going to London with my parents for a week.

Ann: Wow! That's really great! I visited London last summer and I'm still

under the impression — all those ancient castles, monuments and museums.

Helen: Now that you've mentioned museums, what museum of Fine Arts

or a picture gallery will you recommend me to see?

Ann: I recognize my friend, a great admirer of Arts! London has a lot to

offer even for those who are not particularly enthusiastic about pictorial art as I am. I remember, when our English teacher suggested me doing the Na­tional Gallery I thought it would be a drag... to follow joining crowds of tourists, following the guide, you know. But when I did go there I enjoyed every minute of my visit and got an unforgettable artistic experience.

Helen: That's amazing! You never showed much interest in classical art.

Ann: Right, I thought picture galleries good for elderly peo­ple. But I've

changed my mind entirely. Now I believe that real works of art can provide an emotional outlet.

Helen: Glad to hear it. And what genre of painting were you impressed by?

Ann: Landscapes, I guess, I couldn't take my eyes off Gains­borough's

masterpiece "Cornfield". The picture is painted in calm colours and evoked a nostalgic feeling in me. It reminded me of my native Ukraine. It was so poetic in tone and atmosphere. The guide said it was painted from nature.

Helen: True, true. Great painters make us see and think a great deal more

than the objects before us. But I like portraits and seascapes much more than landscapes. I visited Aivazovsky museum of Fine Arts last summer and saw wonderful seascapes there. Now I'd like to see portraits. By the way, next spring our language club is going to visit London.

Ann: Great! Then you should visit the portrait Gallery in London. I know

that a professional artist shows the visi­tors round the Gallery and gives lively interpretations of portraits. These guided tours are a dream. Helen: Super! I'm burning with impatience to see everything with my own eyes.