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Direct speech | Reported speech |
Present simple “I want to go to bed early,” he said. | Past simple He said (that) he wantedto go to bed early. |
Present continuous “She is feeding the baby,” he said. | Past continuous He said (that) she was feeding the baby. |
Present perfect “I have boughta new dress,” she said. | Past perfect She said (that) she had bought a new dress. |
Past simple “I finished work early,” Alex said. | Past simple or past perfect Alex said (that) he (had) finished work early. |
Past continuous “I was planning to call you later,” she said. | Past continuous or Past perfect continuous She said (that) she was planning/ had been planning to call me later. |
Future (will) “I will talk to you tomorrow,” she said. | Conditional (would) She said (that) she would talk to me the next day. |
The sequence of tenses is not observed in Object Clauses when: | |
• a general truth or scientific law is expressed: | Copernicus concluded that the earth goes round the sun. |
• something habitual, customary, or characteristic is represented: | We asked a bank clerk when the bank closes. |
• in newspaper and magazine articles: | It was announced in Cairo yesterday that the election will be heldin June |
Nearness | Distance | ||
Now this | then, at this time, immediately that | last week | the week before, the previous week |
today, tonight | that day, that night | next week | the week after, the following week |
yesterday | the day before, the previous day | two days ago | two days before |
tomorrow | the next day, the following day | here | there |
this week | that week | come | go |
We can use the verbs say and tell both in direct and reported speech.
Tell is always followed by a personal object ( told me ).
Say is used with or without a personal object. When used with a personal object it is always followed by the preposition to (said to me).
Study the following examples:
Direct speech | Reported speech |
He said, “I’m Ted.” | He said (that) he was Ted. |
He said to me, “I’m Ted”. | He said to me that he was Ted. |
He told me, “I’m Ted”. | He told me that he was Ted. |
Say and tell are also used with the following expressions:
Дата публикования: 2015-09-17; Прочитано: 980 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!