| Modal verbs
| Ways of using
| Examples
| Equivalents
| Ways of using
| Examples
|
| Can/could
| Выражает:
a)умение
b) разрешение
c) вероятность в настоящем или в будущем
|
She can speak fluent German.
Can/could I interrupt for a moment?
Of course, I could be wrong.
| Be able to
(am/is/are/
was/were able to)
| Выражает:
a) умение
b) разрешение
|
She is able to speak fluent German.
Am I able to interrupt for a moment?
|
| May/Might
| Выражает:
a) разрешение (в первом лице: формальный стиль)
b) вероятность в настоящем или в будущем
| May I speak to you for a moment?
There may be a storm later.
| Be allowed to(am/is/are/
was/were allowed to)
| Выражает:
a) разрешение
| She is allowed to go to parties on weekends.
|
| Must
| Выражает
а) обязанность
б)запрет
в) логическую необходимость
|
I must go home now. It’s late.(=I have decided this)
You mustn’t smoke in here.
He’s not answering his phone. He must be in a meeting.
| Have to /have got to
Don’t have to
Should/
shouldn’t =Ought to/ought not to
| Выражает необходимость в силу обстоятельств (приходится, нужно)
Выражает совет, пожелания
| I’ve got to be at work early tomorrow morning. (=my boss decided this, I have an early meeting)
You don’t have to buy a ticket if you don’t want to.
You should be in bed by now. (=this is the right thing). =You ought to be in bed now.
You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate. (=it’s not a good idea).
|
