Identifying patterns of text organization. Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy

Identify description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition in the following paragraphs:

1. In LaRa, one distinguishes between hearer's and speaker's competencies. The hearer's component of LaRa consists of all processes that actualise and intensify the hearer's competencies. These linguistic means comprise nonverbal signals that steer the speaker's production, prosodic elements expressing the whole range from agreement to disagreement, formulaic expressions.

2. On the other hand, the speaker's LaRa lists strategies such as reformulations, repairs, recapitulations, rephrasings and other types of meta-discourse elements. Accommodation processes, in particular, lead to lexical and morphological adaptations towards what speakers imagine hearers would be able to better understand in their recipient language.

3. The two main forms codeswitching takes are referred to as insertion and alternation. In insertion, the sentence is clearly in one of the two languages but one or more of the words is from the other language. An English sentence with a French word in it is a case of insertion. Most of the time, the inserted words will be a content word, i.e. a noun, verb or adjective. This betrays one of the main reasons why people use this way of speaking: the words from the other language name useful concepts that the base language has no word of its own for.

Find in the text at least one example per each pattern of text organization: description, step-by-step explanation, directions, comparison and contrast, analysis, analogy, and definition.