N6 Delta Automated Surveillance Radar System

The 29N6 Delta was designed for fixed operation in remote locations and is commonly deployed on a latticework mast with tethers.The antenna arrangements available include single reflectors or Janus-faced paired reflectors. A IFF arrays are often attached to the side of the primary aperture. The design uses three stacked beams. There are no reports of significant exports of this radar.

Specifications
Диапазон волн Wavelengths	дециметровый L-band
Зона обзора: Search Coverage:
по высоте, м altitude in m	0-10000
по азимуту, град. Azimuth, deg.
по углу места, град. in elevation, deg.	0-12
Дальность обнаружения цели типа "истребитель" одним АРСП при подъеме фазового центра антенны на 12 м (с вероятностью 0,5), км: Detection range for a "fighter RCS target" for antenna phase centre elevation of 12 m (with a probability of 0.5), km:
на высоте, м: at an altitude of, m:
100 м 100 m
1000 м 1000 m
3000-10000
Обобщенная зона обнаружения двух АРСП при расстоянии между ними 100 км, на высоте, км: Detection footprint of two systems with a distance of 100 km between stations, and for a given target altitude, km:
500 м: 500 m:
глубина depth
протяженность length
3000 м: 3000 m:
глубина depth
протяженность length
Точность измерения: Accuracy:
дальности, м range, m
азимута, мин. azimuth minutes.
Определяемые эшелоны высоты, км: Altitude bands, km:	0-2; 2-4; 4-6
Количество трасс, выдаваемых на АСУ Number of tracked targets
Темп обновления информации, с Track update rate, sec	5, 10 и 20 5, 10 and 20
Среднее время наработки на отказ, ч: MTBF, hr:	1400 (АРСП) 800 (ПОДУ) 1400 (ARSP) 800 (PODU)
Потребляемая мощность, кВт Power consumption, kW	16 (АРСП) 16 (ПОДУ) 16 (ARSP) 16 (PODU)
Обслуживающий персонал в одну смену, чел. Crew requirement, per	2-3 (на ПОДУ) 2-3 (in PODU)

РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННАЯ СТАНЦИЯ с активной фазированной антенной решеткой 67H6E «ГАММА-ДЕ» 67N6E GAMMA-DE Mobile 3-Dimensional Solid-State AESA Surveillance Radar VNIIRT Gamma DE AESA deployed configuration (above) and stowed configuration (below). Three subtypes exist, the D1/D1E, D2/D2E, and D3/D3E with differing module power ratings and range performance. Depicted is the towed configuration with a 20 minute deploy/stow time. VNIIRT disclosed in 2007 that a self-propelled variant was available, with a 5 minute deploy/stow time compatible with the S-300PMU2 and S-400 SAM systems. To date no imagery of the self-propelled variant has been disclosed.   The VNIIRT Gamma DE is a solid state long range L-Band 3D Active Electronically Steered Array (AESA) search and acquisition radar intended to support interceptors and Integrated Air Defence Systems. It is intended to detect and track aircraft, cruise missiles, precision guided munitions and tactical ballistic missiles at medium and high altitudes. The manufacturer cites two basic operating modes "iso-range" and "iso-altitude". Gamma DE installations can be supplied with three different AESA module power ratings, yielding the D1/D1E, D2/D2E and D3/D3E variants. Cited MTBF in recent literature is ~1,000 hrs which is consistent with mature AESA technology.  

Detection Range Performance by Variant:	D1E	D2E	D3E
Range/Altitude in [km] for 1 m2 target.	400/40 (315/120)	370/40 (315/120)	310/40 (285/120)
Range/Altitude in [km] for 0.1 m2 target.	240/40 (230/120)	210/40 (195/120)	175/40 (165/120)

The VNIIRT designers paid considerable attention to operation in high threat environments. A number of design features were introduced for this reason:

1. The ability to concentrate emitted power into search sectors which are being subjected to jamming, to decrease the J/S ratio.
2. Wideband pulse-to-pulse automatic frequency hopping with automated avoidance of jammed frequencies (i.e pre-transmit sniffing), employing a spectrum analyser.
3. Signal processing functions to reject incoherent signals received in the mainlobe, such as jammers or other interfering in-band emitters.
4. Multichannel rejection of jamming. This is likely to have been implemented by forming nulls in the mainlobe.
5. Jammer rejection by sidelobe blanking.
6. Adaptive multichannel pulse Doppler filtering for clutter rejection. While VNIIRT literature describes this as DMTI, it is not clear whether the technique used is conventional DMTI or pulse Doppler.
7. Rejection of jammers and signals with low radial Doppler shifts relative to the radar.

Another very modern feature in this design is the use of Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR). This is claimed to be performed by the analysis of backscatter power levels, correlation against known signatures, and the flight trajectory characteristics of the track. Helicopters are recognised by analysing the advancing and receding rotor blade Doppler shifts.

To defeat anti-radiation missiles and Emitter Locating Systems, the Gamma DE employs short burst transmissions, with radar emission timing slaved to the Gazetchik E emitting anti-radiation missile decoy system. In addition chaff, smoke generators and infrared decoys are employed to seduce missiles with active radar, electro-optical or imaging infared seekers. The Gazetchik E is claimed to achieve a 0.85-0.95 P_k against anti-radiation missiles. It is worth noting than many such missiles do not have the band coverage to home in on an L-band emitter such as the Gamma DE.

Like many Western L-band radars, such as the MESA, the Gamma-DE has an integrated IFF function in the primary array, supporting Mark XA and XII modes. This is performed using the VNIIRT developed Voprosnik-E secondary radar, embedded in the Gamma-DE antenna system.

The AESA design provides cited mainlobe steering angles of up to ±60° in azimuth and elevation. VNIIRT claim a robust detection range of up to 600 nautical miles against high elevation angle ballistic missile targets. Like Western phased array radars the Gamma DE is capable of adaptively interleaving search and track beams, and nulling particular angular sectors which are subject to jamming. Modes include high update rate search waveforms in narrow solid angles, providing for high quality tracking of high speed closing targets.

A single Gamma DE system comprises a towed antenna head trailer with the 1280 element 8 x 5.2 metre AESA on a turntable, a semi-trailer radar cabin with electronics and operator stations, and a dual redundant 16 kiloWatt diesel generator. An option cited for the Gamma DE is deployment of the radar head on the 24 metre 40V6M or 40 metre 40V6MD semi-mobile mast systems. The latter are carried by semi-trailer and typically towed by a MAZ-537 or other tractor. Cited time to deploy the basic demonstrator configuration is 1.5 hrs. More recent (2007) VNIIRT data states 20 minutes to deploy the towed configuration, and 5 minutes to deploy a self-propelled configuration carried on a truck. This qualifies the towed Gamma DE as mobile, and the self-propelled configuration as "shoot and scoot".

To date no details of the self propelled variant have been disclosed. Given the size and weight of the Gamma DE antenna system, the configuration is likely to be similar to that of the 91N6E Big Bird rather than 96L6, most likely using the MZKT-7930 tow tractor, and a gas turbine generator equipped semi-trailer for the antenna head and equipment cabin.

In the towed variant, radiofrequency datalinks permit the cabin to be located up to 1 km from the AESA, and additional datalinks permit up to 15 km separation between the cabin and an IADS command post. For semi-hardened revetted deployment optical fibre cables are available.

Almaz-Antey literature on the S-400 / SA-21 system states that compatible interfaces are available between the S-400 battery and the Gamma DE system. The azimuthal tracking accuracy of 0.17-0.2°, elevation accuracy of 0.2-0.3° and range accuracy of 60-100 metres make this radar eminently capable of providing midcourse guidance updates for a range of SAM systems. For comparison, the 64N6E Big Bird series used in the SA-20/21 has around twice the angular and range tracking error magnitude compared to the Gamma DE.

Основные тактико-технические характеристики РЛС «Гамма-ДЕ»

(2007 VNIIRT Data)

Диапазон волн	дециметровый
Зона обзора:
по азимуту, град
по дальности, км	10-400
по углу места, град	-2…+60
по высоте, км
Дальность обнаружения, км:
цели с ЭПР = 1 м2
цели с ЭПР = 0,1 м2
Точность измерения координат:
дальности, м	60-100
азимута, мин.
угла места, мин.	15-18
Коэффициент подавления отражений
от местных предметов, дБ
Количество одновременно сопровождаемых целей, не менее
Среднее время наработки на отказ/среднее время восстановления, ч	1000/0,5
Время развертывания при размещении АПУ, мин.:
на прицепе
на автомобильном шасси
Время включения РЛС, мин.	1,2
Количество транспортных единиц	2-3
Эксплуатационный расчет (одна смена), чел.

VNIIRT Gamma DE AESA with radomes open for maintenance of the AESA.

Notional configuration of a production 67N6E Gamma DE in mast mounted and self propelled variants. The exact configuration of either variant has yet to be disclosed (Author).

Трехкоординатная РЛС 59H6E «Противник-ГЕ» 59N6E Protivnik GE 3D Surveillance Radar The NNIIRT Protivnik GE is a large mobile L-band 3D surveillance radar. Carried on a pair of semitrailers, it can be deployed for operation in ~15 minutes.   The NNIIRT Protivnik GE entered service in 1999 as a long range 1.3 GHz Band 3D search radar intended to support interceptors and Integrated Air Defence Systems. It is intended to detect and track aircraft and cruise missiles at all altitudes. The primary antenna planar array is designed for low sidelobes and backlobes - the inner sidelobes being cited at -40 dB and the average sidelobe level at -53 dB. The transmitter delivers a peak power rating of 500 kiloWatts, and a average power rating of 12 kiloWatts, with a 3 dB receiver noise figure. An IFF array is mounted beneath the primary aperture. Russian sources claim the use of Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) techniques, as well as adaptive sidelobe nulling. All radar processing is digital. The 8.5 x 5.5 metre aperture planar array uses electronic beamsteering in elevation while azimuthal pointing is achieved by rotating the turntable. EU claim the ability to form up to twenty pencil beams to track precisely individual targets. The azimuthal tracking accuracy of 0.2°, elevation accuracy of 0.17° and range accuracy of 50-100 metres make this radar capable of providing midcourse cueing for a range of SAM systems. Almaz-Antey literature on the S-400 / SA-21 system states that compatible interfaces are available between the S-400 battery and the Protivnik GE. The radar is mobile, and with 15 minutes to deploy according to NNIIRT, it almost qualifies as "shoot and scoot". It is carried on a pair of semitrailers thus providing high road transit speed. A 22 metre elevation mast system, probably the 40V6M, is claimed to be available, but imagery has yet to become available. A self propelled reduced aperture solid state AESA variant of the Protivnik GE has been developed as part of the new NNIIRT Nebo M Mobile Multiband Radar System, it is claimed to be equipped with a more advanced hydraulic stow/deploy mechanism intended to emulate the "shoot and scoot" capabilities of the 64N6E/91N6E series. Significantly, this new variant is an AESA design and will therefore provide agile beam steering and tracking capabilities absent in the original Protivnik GE, bringing it up to the technological standard and reliability of the competing VNIIRT Gamma DE series.   Rosoboronexport Specifications: NNIIRT Specifications (2008) Stowed electronics subsystem (Image © Miroslav Gyűrösi). Трехкоординатная РЛС обнаружения 96Л6E 96L6E 3D Acquisition Radar   LEMZ 96L6E deployed configuration (above) and stowed configuration (below). Russian sources consistently disagree on whether the radar operates in the S-band or L-band. It is carried by an MZKT-7930 vehicle. The 96L6E is standard with S-400 / SA-20 batteries and an option for older types such as the S-300PUM1/PMU2 / SA-20 (© 2010, Yevgeniy Yerokhin, Missiles.ru).     LEMZ 96L6E antenna deployed (© 2010, Yevgeniy Yerokhin, Missiles.ru).   The 96L6 was developed by KB Lira and is built by LEMZ. It was developed to replace the S-band 36D6 Tin Shield medium and high altitude acquisition radar, and the S-band 76N6 Clam Shell low altitude acquisition radar, with a design which is fully mobile and can redeploy as quickly as a 'shoot and scoot' missile battery. The 96L6 can be operating 5 minutes after coming to a stop.   The 96L6 is the standard battery acquisition radar in the S-400 / SA-21 system, and is available as a retrofit for the S-300PM/PMU/PMU1 and S-300PMU2 Favorit / SA-20 Gargoyle as a substitute for the legacy acquisition radars. The radar interfaces to the S-300PMU2 via a radiofrequency datalink or optical fibre cable, and interfaces to older missile batteries via a conventional cable. Interfaces are available for the 30N6E Tomb Stone, the 83M6 battery command post, and Integrated Air Defence System command posts including the Baikal-1E, Senezh-M1E, Osnova-1E and Pole-E. Links to the latter include radiofrequency datalinks or cables.   The radar is a frequency hopping design intended to provide high jam resistance and high clutter rejection. Up to five operator consoles are provided. The planar array antenna employs mechanical beamsteering in azimuth and electronic beamsteering in elevation. Several operating modes are available: Full azimuth search involves rotating the aperture through 360° and performing vertical sweeps electronically. Medium to low altitude targets can be acquired by constraining the mainlobe elevation angle between -3° and +1.5°, with a 12 second sweep period, or -1.5° and +20°, with a 6 second sweep period. Target velocity is limited to a range of 30 m/s to 1200 m/s. Sector search typically limits sweeps to a 120° sector, with a high sector search between 0° and 60° elevation requiring 8 seconds, or a low sector search between 3° and +1.5° requiring 5.5 seconds. In these modes target velocities are limited to between 50 m/s and 2800 m/s. A dedicated low altitude search mode is also provided, with a 360 sweep performed in 6 seconds, for elevations between -3° and +1.5°. Two basic configurations of the design are available. The first is the best known, the self propelled TM966E configuration, is carried on the MZKT-7930 chassis, itself derived from the MAZ-543 series first used with the S-300PS. This variant mounts the antenna head on a turntable and carries the equipment cabin, as well as an SEP-2L power generator. The second configuration is semimobile, and uses a pair of trailers, one mounting the antenna head and the SES-75M power supply, the other the equipment cabin, these being connected by up to 100 metres of cable. Accessory options include the 98E6U generator, tow tractors, and either the 24 metre 40V6M or 40 metre 40V6MD semi-mobile mast systems. The latter are carried by semi-trailer and typically towed by a MAZ-537 or other tractor.

Main tactical and technical characteristics (LEMZ Data)
Radiated frequencies waveband	"C"
Automatic frequency control availability	+
Diapason of detected targets slant ranges Radar coverage: А) In a mode of all-altitude detection: in azimuth in elevation (there is a possibility to adjust the lower limit of elevation coverage down to minus 3°) in Doppler speed data renewal rate: in lower zone from 0 to 1.5° in upper zone from 1.5 to 20° B) In the mode of sector scan: In the sector of coverage: in elevation in azimuth in doppler speed sector scan time Outside the decelaration sector: in elevation lower sector scan time Full scan cycle В) In the mode of low-altitude detection in azimuth in elevation in doppler speed scan rate	5-300 km 360° from 0 to 20° from ±30 to ±1200 m/s 6 s 12 s from 0 to 60° up to 120° from ±50 to ±2800 m/s up to 8 s from -3 to1.5° 5,5 s 13,5 s 360° 0 - 1,5° from ±30 to ±1200 m/s 6 s
Tracking of targets is provided at elevation angles	up to 60°
Quantity of tracked targets	up to 100
Time of track initiation and outputting of target indication (TI): for aerodynamic target: at elevation angles below 1.5° at elevation angles above 1.5°	12 s 21 s
Quantity of false TI during 30 min of operation	at most 3-5
Readiness time: for manufacturing version on one transportation vehicle: from march from deployed state from on-duty state for manufacturing version on two transportation vehicle: from march from deployed state from on-duty state	5 min at most 3 min at most 40 s 30 min at most 3 min at most 40 s
Time of installation of antenna on a tower	2 hr
Continuous operation	without limit
The radar provides serviceability under the following climatic conditions: at temperature at dust contents at wind speed stability against turnover at wind speed under solar radiation, icing at altitude above sea level	±50 °С up to 2.5 g/m3 up to 30 m/s up to 50 m/s + up to 3000 m
The radar crew	3 people

Both the manufacturer LEMZ and Almaz-Antey are offering the 96L6 with the 40V6M series masts widely used with the 76N6 Clam Shell and 36D6 Tin Shield S-band radars. To date no photographs of this configuration have emerged. A towed variant also exists (Author).

S-400 battery with 96L6 deployed (© 2010, Yevgeniy Yerokhin, Missiles.ru).

NRIET / CEIEC / CETC YLC-2 / YLC-2A / YLC-2V 3D Long Range Surveillance Radar [Click for more...] NRIET / CEIEC / CETC YLC-4 2D Long Range Surveillance Radar   The YLC-4 is large long range VHF/UHF band solid state redundant 2D search radar, intended for military and civil ATC and early warning. The system comprises the antenna and three additional trailers, at best the system is semi-mobile. The design uses digital AMTI processing, and is a burst-to-burst, pulse-to-pulse automatic pseudorandom adaptive frequency hopper. The transmitter employs 21 air cooled solid state amplifiers.  

Specifications (J.C. Wise/NRIET)
Frequency range:	216~220 MHz
Rmax:	410 km (Pd=0.5)
Rmax:	380 km (Pd=0.8)
Coverage:
Azimuth:	0° < 360°
Elevation:	0° < 25°
Reliability
MTBFC:	=> 500 hours
MTTR:	<= 0.5 hours
Aperture:	16.5 x 7.12 m Super cosecant square beam in elevation
Peak Power:	~50 kW
Pulse Width/Duty Cycle:	2 usec / 13%
Sweep Rate:	~10 sec
Sidelobes:	< -30dB
Processing/MTI Improvement Factor:	Digital AMTI / 41 dB
Clutter Rejection:	~45 dB
Power Requirements:	2 x 120 kW diesel generators

  Multistatic and Bistatic Radars   Комплекс обнаружения низколетящих малозаметных целей методом локации "на просвет" Барьер-Е Barrier E Bistatic Early Warning Radar for Low Altitude Low Signature Targets   Barrier E transmit and receive antennas (NNIIRT via RusArmy.com)   NNIIRT's Barrier E is a low power bistatic radar system intended to provide tripwire early warning against low signature targets at low to medium altitudes. It is analogous in some respects to the US Silent Sentry, but quite unique in implementation. The stated purpose of the design is to detect stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, conventional combat aircraft, lighter-than-air vehicles and ultralights. Geographical emplacement is intended to exploit terrain, blocking mountain passes, harbour entrances, or narrow maritime straits. The system is typically deployed to form a radar fence in which a chain of stations produces individual coverage zones between pairs of stations. The transmitters operate at very low power levels, cited at 1-3 Watts, and the transmit signal is modulated with datalink or other communications traffic. Antennas are mounted on tethered masts to provide best possible station spacing. Up to ten stations may be chained together, ~30 NMI apart, to form a 300 NMI tripwire fence. Each segment in the chain provides altitude coverage up to ~23 kft, with a maximum mainlobe width of 6.5 NMI. The Barrier E is designed for unattended operation, with remote stations comprising antenna/mast assemblies for transmit/receive functions, a containerised signal and data processing module, a remote built in test facility, with the transmitters employed to provide datalinking to the central master station. The latter provides operator consoles and an automated data processing facility. Barrier E operator display with digital map and track data (NNIIRT via RusArmy.com).

Basic Characteristics /Основные характеристики
Диапазон волн, МГц	390-430 (10 рабочих точек)
Operating Band, MHz	390-430 (10 operating frequencies)
Зона обнаружения:	многозвенная (максимальное количество звеньев 10)
Coverage Zone:	Variable (up to 10 bistatic links)
длина одного звена, км distance between stations, km	До 50 up to 50
поперечный размер барьерной зоны, км width of mainlobe, km	1,5-12 (в зависимости от типа цели) 1.5 - 12 (depends on type of target)
высота барьерной зоны, км coverage altitude, km	от 0,03 до 3-7 from 0.03 metres to 3 - 7
Точность определения координат и параметров движения воздушных объектов (усредненная по трассе): Target tracking accuracy (average per track)
вдоль барьера, м along mainlobe, m
поперек барьера, м normal to mainlobe, m
азимута, град. azimuth, degrees of arc
скорости, м/с velocity, m/sec	5,8 5.8
Разрешающая способность поперек барьера, м Resolution within mainlobe, m	не более 300 not exceeding 300
Средний период ложных тревог, ч False alarm rate, he	не менее 72 at least 72
Количество классов распознаваемых целей Identifiable target categories	5 (крылатая ракета, истребитель, бомбардировщик, вертолет, легкомоторный самолет) 5 (cruise missile, fighter, bomber, helicopter, ultralight)
Вероятность распознавания Probability of detection	0,89 0.89
Вид выходной информации Output format	трассы tracks
Количество одновременно сопровождаемых целей Number of tracked targets	5 (в зоне обзора одного звена) 5 (within each mainlobe)
Темп выдачи информации, с Data output rate, sec
Source: Rusarmy.com

Береговой загоризонтный радар поверхностной волны (БЗГР)«Подсолнух-Э» коротковолнового диапазона радиоволн Podsolnukh E Coastal HF Band Surface Wave Effect Radar The NIIDAR Podsolnukh E is a Russian analogue to Australia's Daronmont Technologies SECARhigh frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). The manufacturer describes the system thus: "The Podsolnukh E HFSWR is intended for use in coastal defence systems to surveil surface and air targets in the 200-mile economic zones of littoral nations. The Podsolnukh E HFSWR is an automated means to surveil the all-weather surface and air environment by creating a shortwave band surface wave extending to high altitudes and beyond the radar horizon. The processing and display of information on air and sea targets is performed by a specialized multiprocessor computing system. Digital interfaces provide the Podsolnukh E HFSWR with the ability to interface with a variety of other systems, according to the agreed customer requirements, and formats coordinate and tracking information to match the system and command centers in digital form. OAO NPK NIIDAR performs development work on the adaptation of the Podsolnukh E HFSWRto accommodate local conditions in accordance with the requirements of the customer. Radar equipment and components of the antennas are transported by road, rail and sea transport. Assembly, installation and deployment of the equipment is provided to pre-arranged sites."

Basic Characteristics /Основные характеристики
Диапазон волн Operating Band	декаметровый HF
Зона наблюдения: Surveillance coverage:
по дальности, км range, km	15-300
по азимуту, град. azimuth, degrees of arc	110-120
по углу места, град. elevation, degrees of arc	0-30
Обзор пространства Coverage	параллельный parallel
Максимальная дальность обнаружения морских надводных объектов, км: Maximum detection range against marine surface targets, km:
судов водоизмещением, т: displacement of vessels, t:
до 1000 to 1000
от 2000 до 5000 from 2000 to 5000
более 7000 More than 7000
Максимальная дальность обнаружения воздушных объектов (самолет, вертолет) км: Maximum detection range against airborne targets (aircraft, helicopter), km:
при высоте полета, м: at a flight altitude, m:
более 7000 More than 7000
от 200 до 5000 from 200 to 5000
от 3 до 200 from 3 to 200
Количество одновременно сопровождаемых объектов: The number of concurrently tracked targets:
надводных surface
воздушных air
Потребляемая мощность от сети первичного электропитания, кВт Power consumption, kW
Среднее время наработки на отказ, ч MTBF, hr
Среднее время восстановления, мин. MTTR, min.
Срок службы, лет Equipment design life, years
Эксплуатационный расчет (одна смена), чел. Crew complement (one), personnel
Время развертывания на подготовленных площадках, сутки Time to deployment at a prepared site, days

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Multiband Radars "Небо-М" мобильный многодиапазонный Радиолокационныйкомплекс Nebo M Mobile Multiband Radar System   Nebo-M RLM-D L-band radar on BAZ-6909 vehicle, stowed.   In late 2008, details emerged of a new multiband 3D radar system in development by NNIIRT, designated the Nebo M. The Nebo M is a radical departure from previous Russian designs. The self-propelled Nebo M is a package of three discrete radars and a single processing and command van, all hosted on BZKT BAZ-6909-015 8 x 8 all terrain 24 tonne chassis, based on the same vehicle as the S-400 / SA-21 5P85TE2 TEL and the proposed wheeled SA-23 variant. The Nebo M combines derivatives of three existing NNIIRT 3D radars, the VHF band Nebo SVU, the L-band Protivnik G and the S/X-band Gamma S1. While the NNIIRT slide (below) attributes the VHF component to the 55Zh6 Tall Rack, the actual antenna design is clearly based on the solid state Nebo SVU AESA design. The L-band component antenna has a reduced aperture size compared to the semi-trailer hosted 59N6E radar. Available imagery of prototype hardware shows the VHF-band and L-band components, both of which were not previously available in self-propelled all terrain configurations, unlike the Gamma S1/S1E. The KU vehicle in the suite is the operator van. Each vehicle has an independent generator rated at 100 kiloWatts. All radar vehicles have an integrated hydraulic stow and deploy system for folding and unfolding the antenna, to support shoot-and-scoot operation, and all are equipped with dual mode GPS/Glonass navigation systems for this purpose. All radars are cited as solid state AESAs, with the capability to operate in an agile beam sector search/track regime, or in a conventional circular scan regime, with the antennas mechanically rotated. The idea of integrating three radars, each operating in a discrete band, is novel and clearly intended to provide a counter-VLO capability. A track fusion system in the KU vehicle will be required, providing a capability analogous to the US Navy CEC (Cooperative Engagement Capability)system. This technology was previously developed for the Salyut Poima E track fusion system and is now becoming mature. Available imagery of prototype Nebo M hardware shows the VHF band RLM-M system and L-band RLM-D system. Technical details and marketing materials for the Nebo M have yet to be released, and what is available appears to be a controlled leak by the design office, which excludes details such as power ratings and component detection/track range and angle performance. Even if the Nebo M does not achieve production status in its intended configuration, the development of self propelled variants of the Nebo SVU and Protivnik G/GE low band radars is in itself a significant advancement, as both present as effective battery acquisition radars for the S-300PMU1/2, S-400 and a range of legacy SAM systems, hosted on the BAZ-6909 both radars acquire mobility to match other components of an S-300P/S-400 missile battery.  

NNIIRT Nebo M System Components
KU	Central track processing and fusion system with multiple operator consoles.
RLM-M	Self-propelled AESA radar based on VHF band Nebo SVU design
RLM-D	Self-propelled AESA radar based on L band Protivnik G design
RLM-S	Self-propelled AESA radar based on S/X band Gamma S1 design

The Nebo-M system is clearly designed to hunt the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The VHF-Band component of the system provides sector search and track functions, with the X-Band and L-Band components providing a fine track capability. By good placement of the radars relative to the threat axis, the L-Band and X-Band components illuminate the incoming target from angles where the target RCS is suboptimal. Attempts to jam the Nebo-M will be problematic, since all of these radars have a passive angle track capability against jammers, as a result of which usage of a jammer permits passive triangulation of the target using three angle track outputs. The RLM-S and RLM-D have better elevation tracking accuracy than the RLM-M, and therefore the Nebo M should be capable of producing high quality tracks suitable for midcourse guidance of modern SAMs and full trajectory guidance of legacy SAMs.

RLM-M component of the Nebo M, based on the VHF band Nebo SVU. This is effectively a self-propelled derivative of the Nebo SVU demonstrator design. Below, performance comparison between Nebo SVU and Nebo M.

RLM-D component of the Nebo M based on the L band Protivnik G/GE series. This is effectively a self-propelled derivative of the towed 59N6E series, but using AESA technology and a smaller aperture area.



Baseline Gamma S1/S1E on the BAZ-64022 chassis, the RLM-S will be a similar configuration (Said Aminov Vestnik-PVO).

BAZ-6909-015 8 x 8 all terrain vehicle. This design is also the basis of the tow tractor used for the new 5P85TE2 TEL for the S-400 / SA-21 SAM system.