New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses that of the North and South Islands and numerous smaller islands. The total area of New Zealand is about 267,7 thousand square kilometers. New Zealand is situated some 1500 kilometers east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1000 kilometers south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.

New Zealand is organized into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. Nationally, executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. New Zealand is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The population of New Zealand is about 4, 45 million people. English, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominant.

New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, although its constitution is not codified. Elizabeth II is the Queen of New Zealand and the head of state. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General, whom she appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. The powers of the Queen and the Governor-General are limited by constitutional constraints and they cannot normally be exercised without the advice of Cabinet.

New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed nations.

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.

Canada is a federal state governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. The country is officially bilingual and multicultural at the federal level, with a population of approximately 35 million. Canada's advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks, especially with the United States, with which it has had a long and complex relationship.

Canada is a developed country, with the ninth highest per capita income globally, and the 11th highest ranking in human development.

Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. Greenland is to the northeast, while Saint Pierre and Miquelon is south of Newfoundland. By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. Its total area is 9, 984, 670 square kilometres. There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Canadian Rockies and the Coast Mountains. Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes. Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region.

Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy, the monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II, who also serves as head of state of 15 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's ten provinces. As such, the Queen's representative, the Governor General of Canada (at present David Lloyd Johnston), carries out most of the federal royal duties in Canada.

The direct participation of the royal and vice royal figures in areas of governance is limited. In practice, their use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the Prime Minister of Canada, the head of government. Each of the 308 members of parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as "official languages."

India

India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. The average area of India is 3.28 million sq. km. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multi-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

The federal government comprises three branches: Executive: The President of India is the head of state and is elected indirectly by a national electoral college for a five-year term. The Prime Minister of India is the head of government and exercises most executive power. Legislative: The legislature of India is the bicameral parliament. It comprises the upper house called the Rajah Sabah ("Council of States") and the lower called the Loc Sabah ("House of the People"). Judicial: India has an unitary three-tier independent judiciary that comprises the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, 24 High Courts, and a large number of trial courts.

The official language of the Republic of India is Hindi with English as an additional language for official work; states in India can legislate their own official languages. Delhi, the capital of India, is the third largest city of the world.

5. Подготовьте проект на тему «Англоязычные страны» (реферат, презентацию, постер и т.п.)

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