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Kryvyi Rih – Metallurgical Heart of Ukraine

Kryvyi Rih, one of the world’s mining centers, is a city in central Ukraine. It is situated in Dnipropetrovsk region, on the banks of the Inhulets and the Saksagan rivers. Zaporizhian Cossacks founded it in the 17th century. The city’s population is about 700 thousand people. The city extends for 100 km, paralleling the ore deposits. Iron ore is the main economic mineral in the Basin.

The presence of iron ore in the area around Kryvyi Rih was rumoured before being known to the ancients. Inspecting the slopes of Dubova Ravine Olexander Pol (1832-1890), a well-known Ukrainian archeologist, investigator and businessman, discovered rich deposits of high-grade iron ore in 1866. His role in commercial development of Kryvyi Rih ore deposits is hard to overestimate. He invested about 200 thousand rubles in geological prospecting of the region. He also approached the Mining Department in St. Petersburg for help. But the first reaction from the Russian government was far from being positive.

At the same time Pol’s ideas were fully supported by his colleagues from abroad. In 1872 he visited some mining regions in France, Italy, Switzerland and Germany. The iron content in the ore samples collected by Pol constituted almost 70%. In early 1870s Pol rented some land with rich iron ore deposits planning to build several mining and metallurgical enterprises. His plans were really tremendous: he was eager to build about 30 large scale metallurgical plants in Donbass, Kryvyi Rih and Mykolaiv. He also wanted to launch the production of iron and copper ores, coal, different kinds of clay necessary for faience, porcelain, glass, paint and refractory material manufacturing.

Kryvyi Rih is the centre of Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin, the major raw-material base of Ukraine’s metallurgy. It ensures the country’s economic independence and safety. The prospected resources of iron ores make up over 32 billion tons. Kryvyi Rih takes the third place in the world as for iron ore extraction. Besides iron ore the region is rich in other minerals. There are numerous deposits of granite, marble, kaolin, bauxite, brown coal, lime, sand, dolomite, mineral water, etc.

At the same time it is a large globally-important metallurgical centre of Europe. Available reserves make it possible to supply ferrous metallurgy with raw materials. The area's industrial growth began in the 1880s, when European investors founded a mining syndicate. Now it is a powerful industrial complex, which includes mining and metallurgical mills, five concentration plants, twenty large mines and many open pits.

The metallurgical works, Kryvorizhstal (now ArcelorMittal), expanded through Soviet times, and now remains one of the largest in the world. More than 95% of high grade ores is produced by open pit mining. Part of the ore is used by the city's large iron and steel enterprises and most is shipped eastward to the heavily industrialized Donetsk Basin. The mining of ore is highly mechanized. Up-to-date technique is used here, for example, huge shovels, dump-cars and tip-up lorries. A wide range of products includes iron ore concentrates, agglomerates, pellets, pig-iron, steel and ready rolled products. The city's environmental and construction safety is a growing problem due to the numerous abandoned mines and a large amount of industrial waste.