Ãëàâíàÿ Ñëó÷àéíàÿ ñòðàíèöà Êîíòàêòû | Ìû ïîìîæåì â íàïèñàíèè âàøåé ðàáîòû! | ||
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ÁÅÑÑÎÞÇÍÛÅ ÏÐÈÄÀÒÎ×ÍÛÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈß
 àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïðèäàòî÷íûå äîïîëíèòåëüíûå è îïðåäåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ÷àñòî ïðèñîåäèíÿþòñÿ ê ãëàâíîìó áåç ñîþçà, òàê êàê ñîþçû that, which, who ìîãóò îïóñêàòüñÿ. Ïðè ïåðåâîäå íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ýòè ñîþçû âîññòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ:
1. äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ââîäÿòñÿ ñîþçàìè ÷òî, ÷òîáû
e.g. I know my friend is ill.
ß çíàþ, ÷òî ìîé äðóã áîëåí.
2. îïðåäåëèòåëüíûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ââîäÿòñÿ ñîþçîì êîòîðûé
e.g. My friend you know is ill.
Ìîé äðóã, êîòîðîãî òû çíàåøü, áîëåí.
ÓÐÎÊ 17
ÔÎÐÌÛ ÈÍÔÈÍÈÒÈÂÀ
Èíôèíèòèâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåëè÷íîé ôîðìîé ãëàãîëà. Îí èìååò ôîðìû âèäà è çàëîãà.
Òàáëèöà ôîðì èíôèíèòèâà
Active | Passive | |
Simple | to treat | to be treated |
Continuous | to be treating | to be being treated |
Perfect | to have treated | to have been treated |
Perfect-continuous | to have been treating | - |
Simple à òàêæå Continuous Infinitive (active and passive) âûðàæàþò äåéñòâèå, îäíîâðåìåííîå ñ äåéñòâèåì, âûðàæåííûì ãëàãîëîì-ñêàçóåìûì:
e.g. I am glad to help my friend.
ß ðàä ïîìî÷ü ñâîåìó äðóãó.
I am glad to be helping my friend.
ß ðàä, ÷òî ïîìîãàþ ñâîåìó äðóãó.
Perfect Infinitive (active and passive) âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, ïðåäøåñòâóþùåå äåéñòâèþ, âûðàæåííîìó ãëàãîëîì-ñêàçóåìûì:
e.g. I am glad to have helped my friend.
ß ðàä, ÷òî ïîìîã ñâîåìó äðóãó.
ÌÎÄÀËÜÍÛÅ ÃËÀÃÎËÛ + PERFECT INFINITIVE
Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû ñî÷åòàþòñÿ ñ èíôèíèòèâîì â ïåðôåêòíîé ôîðìå (Perfect Infinitive), ñîõðàíÿÿ ñâîå ìîäàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå, íî ýòî ñî÷åòàíèå ïðèäàåò îòòåíîê ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ èëè âåðîÿòíîñòè òîãî, ÷òî äåéñòâèå, âûðàæåííîå ñìûñëîâûì ãëàãîëîì, óæå ïðîèçîøëî.
1. must + Perfect Infinitive – ïåðåâîäèòñÿ äîëæíî áûòü, âåðîÿòíî
e.g. He must have translated the paper.
Îí, äîëæíî áûòü, óæå ïåðåâåë ñòàòüþ.
2. may + Perfect Infinitive – ïåðåâîäèòñÿ âåðîÿòíî, âîçìîæíî
e.g. He may have translated the paper.
Âîçìîæíî, îí ïåðåâåë ýòó ñòàòüþ.
3. can + Perfect Infinitive óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ òîëüêî â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ è
âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ.
 îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íå ìîã / íå ìîæåò áûòü,
÷òîáû
e.g. He cannot have known this.
Îí íå ìîã çíàòü ýòîãî. / Íå ìîæåò áûòü, ÷òîáû îí çíàë ýòî.
Ïðè ïåðåâîäå âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé ïîëüçóþòñÿ ñëîâîì íåóæåëè
e.g. Can he have known this?
Íåóæåëè îí çíàë ýòî?
4. should + Perfect Infinitive – âûðàæàåò ñîæàëåíèå ïî ïîâîäó íåñîâåðøåííîãî
äåéñòâèÿ. Íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ñëåäîâàëî áû
e.g. You should have translated this paper.
Âàì ñëåäîâàëî áû ïåðåâåñòè ýòó ñòàòüþ.
Äàòà ïóáëèêîâàíèÿ: 2015-09-18; Ïðî÷èòàíî: 384 | Íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêîãî ïðàâà ñòðàíèöû | Ìû ïîìîæåì â íàïèñàíèè âàøåé ðàáîòû!