Additional Text. Types of Automation

Grammar. Revision of Grammar.

Text Study

I. Pre-reading Exercises

1. Repeat the words in chorus:

Muscle, roughly, drastic, pneumatic, alternative, deviation, technique, error, petroleum, overall, through, well-established, hydraulic, measurement.

2. While reading the text you will come across a number of international words. Try to guess what Ukrainian words they remind of you:

Instrument, automation, control, check, muscle, operation, to organize, to correct, combination, to mark, part, to integrate, to select, alternative, action, routine, to base, logic, technique, correction, to coordinate, active, cement, textile, total.

3. Pay attention to some grammatical points:

1) The development in automatic operation while extending their application, were not revolutionary but part of a well-established trend. 2) The electronic devices rapidly gained in importance and industrial enterprises widely used them to plan and control the operations of machines. 3) Rapid technological advance reduced the part played by human labour to skilled supervision and maintenance.

II. Reading

Read the text and be ready to find in the text the answers to the following questions:

· What was mechanization limited to in the nineteenth century?

· What devices marked the new stage in the development of automatic control?

· What is modern automation based on?