Past Perfect active

1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE

” €,,…+ HAD + V₃/ed → They had written a dictation.

I had read the book.

Когда есть указание момента времени, к которому закончилось действие в прошлом:

By 9 o'clock we'd finished the work.

2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

HAD ” + €,,… V₃/ed Had they published an article?

3. NEGATIVE SENTENCE

HADN’T

” €,,… had

+ not + V₃/ed

They hadn’t translated the text.

She hadn’t met them.

Exercise 27: Put verbs into a right form:

1. She (to write) only two letters by noon.

2. When you arrived, he (to leave) just.

3. He (to work) at the university for thirty years before he retired.

4. She said she (to publish) her first story 10 years before.

5. I didn't know who she was. I (to see) never her before.

6. At first I thought I (to do) the right thing, but soon I realised that I (to make) a serious mistake.

7. Our group (to perform)the task earlier than some other groups.

8. The first-year pharmacy students (to collect) some lily of the valley by July last year.

9. Mendeleyev (to include) iron,cobalt and nickel in Group VIII of the Periodic Classification.

10. The mixture (to preserve) its properties by the end of the experiment.

11. Oxidation (to give) rise to large deposits of sulphates, chiefly of calcium and magnesium.

12. Science (to become) an object of particular care of the Government by 1901.

13. We studied the methods of storing new medicinal herbs after we (to carry) on their cultivation.

14. They (to introduce) the chromatographic methods to pharmaceutical industry by 1970.

15. By the time Alex finished his studies, he (to be) in London for over eight years.

Exercise 28: Put the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms:

1. The temperature had risen above 60-80^° С and produced a marked change in protein structure.

2. Almost one hundred years ago Mendeleyev had moved uranium out of this group.

3. After the reaction had taken place the product gave an intense colouration.

4. D. I. Mendeleyev had arranged elements according to a definite system.

5. The mixture had preserved its properties by the end of the experiment.

6. By 3 o’clock they had left the laboratory.

7. When she came into the laboratory they had already started the experiment.

8. He said that they had obtained good results.

9. After they had found a suitable solvent, they could purify the substance and add the catalyst.

10. Не had finished the work By 5 o'clock.

11. I had written the letter before he came.

12. They had come back by three o'clock yesterday.

13. Не had written an article when I came in.

14. We went home after they had finished their work.

15. She had already left when I came.

Exercise 29: Make up sentences using Past Perfect tense: