The Story of MCDONALD’S

1937 The McDonald brothers, Dick and Mack, open a little drive-in restaurant in Pasadena, California. They serve hot dogs and milk shakes.

1945 They have 20 waiters. All the teenagers in town eat hamburgers there.

1948 They get paper boxes and bags for the hamburgers. They put the price down from 30 cents to 15 cents. They cut the menu down from 25 things to only 9. There are no more waiters - it is self-service. So it is cheaper and faster. And they have windows all around the kitchen - so everyone can see it is clean. Parents start bringing their children to the restaurant. Poor families eat at a restaurant for the first time.

1960s The McDonald's company opens hundreds of McDonald's restaurants all over the States.

1971 They open restaurants in Japan, Germany and Australia.

Now... the McDonald's company opens a new restaurant every 8 hours! There are McDonald's restaurants in over 70 countries. McDonald's restaurants serve almost exactly the same food in every country. But in Italy they serve beer, in Norway the McLak (salmon burger) and in the Netherlands the Groenteburger (vegetarian)!

DELICIOUS AND REFRESHING

On May 8, 1886, Dr John Styth Pemberton, a chemist, carried a bottle down the street in Atlanta, Georgia, to Jacob's Pharmacy on the corner. There, soda water was added to it, and the new drink was put on sale for five cents a bottle. The drink contained sugar, water, the leaves of the coca plant, and the juice of the kola nut. Dr Pemberton's partner, Frank Robinson, thought of a name for it.

'Coca-Cola,' he said. 'The two Cs would look well in advertising.'

For the first year of its life, Coca-Cola sold only thirteen drinks a day. By its hundredth birthday, in 1986, it was selling 7.9 billion dollars' worth a year. Not much of the money went into John Pemberton's pocket. He died two years after he had invented Coca-Cola, and Asa G. Candler, a clever businessman, bought the business for $2,300.

From then on, Coca-Cola's success was all due to advertising. The words Coca-Cola, delicious and refreshing, in flowing, graceful writing, were soon to be seen everywhere: on calendars, clocks, trays, and walls. The more people heard of it, the more people wanted it, and by 1895, Candler could say, 'Coca-Cola is now sold and drunk in every state in the United States.'

But the great days of Coca-Cola were still to come. In World War II, the company made a promise that every American soldier, sailor, and airman could have a Coke for five cents a bottle, anywhere in the world. The company knew they would lose money, but it was worth it. In one smart move they made sure that five billion bottles of Coke would find their way around the world, creating new demand in more countries. They also knew that the idea of Coca-Cola as something truly, especially American would be strengthened.

In the years that followed the war, Coca-Cola managed to make itself one of the most powerful symbols of America both inside and outside the States. 'Drink Coca-Cola, and you will share in the American dream,' the advertisements seem to say.

So what is in this magic drink that has become the most successful product in world history? That secret is locked up in a bank in Atlanta, and only a few people alive know the exact recipe.

One very important question remains: Is Coca-Cola good for you? Dentists say that sugary drinks like Coca-Cola harm your teeth. Doctors say they add to problems of fatness that lead to heart disease. Delicious and refreshing? Maybe.

Here are some Coca-Cola advertising slogans from the past. Match the two halves.

1. Things go … a) real thing

2. It’s the … b)it!

3. I’d like to … c) better with Coke

4. Have a Coke … d) buy the world a Coke

5. Coke is … e) and a Smile

(Answers on page 110)

Notes:

giant- огромный, громадный spaghetti- спагетти (длинные тонкие макароны) pizza- пицца sweet and sour porkсвинина в кисло-сладком соусе (китайская кухня) turkey- индейка Thanksgiving-День благодарения (официальный праздник в память первых колонистов Массачусетса, отмечается в последний четверг ноября)' as American as apple pie -типично американский expression- выражение old-fashioned- несовременный, старомодный, старинный snackлегкая закуска to save trouble -избавить от хлопот enormous- громадный, огромный beans- фасоль smart- толковый, разумный, зд. крутой advertiser- рекламодатель to add -добавлять kernel- зерно, зернышко maize- кукуруза lid -крышка to pop -с треском лопаться

waiter- официант self-service-самообслуживание beer- пиво Norway-Норвегия salmon- лосось, семга the Netherlands- Нидерланды delicious- очень вкусный refreshing- освежающий, живительный to sprinkle- посыпать drive-in restaurant -ресторан для автомобилистов milk shake -молочный коктейль Atlanta- г. Атланта Georgia- Джорджия (штат США) pharmacy- аптека coca plant- кока (южноамер. кустарник и его листья) kola- кола (тропическое дерево) flowing- плавный, гладкий graceful- изящный tray -поднос smart move -разумный поступок, мудрый шаг demand- спрос to strengthen- усиливать(ся), укреплять(ся) powerful- мощный, сильный advertisement- реклама to be locked up -быть запертым exact recipe- точный рецепт