Language as a system of signs and communications

A human language is a highly elaborate system of signs which is used both for communication and to support and guide thought. It is a primary means of creative expression for individuals and groups.

At the most basic level a language uses a mode: speech sounds, graphic symbols such as letters, or gestures, as in the case of sign languages and non-verbal communication. We often combine these different modes of language with other systems of communication. For example, a ritual may combine words, images, and actions.

A language is not a closed system. It varies across the community of speakers and over time individuals and communities creatively change and shape it to their needs. As a result languages are always varying and changing, in all subsystems of the system.

Communication depends on accessing a system of signs. The signs of language follow conventions implicitly accepted by groups of people who use the language. Language also has conventions for, when and how to combine signs. Together, the signs and conventions provide a rich system of communicative choices. Successful communication requires these signs to be shared: otherwise non-communication or miscommunication results. Successful communication also requires shared knowledge and assumptions.

A language represents a vast repository of conventional understandings and cultural traditions: as such it shapes our view of the world. There are many different languages and there are also many different world views embodied by them.